New York metropolitan area New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY, NJ, CT, PA
Megacity
New York City, described as the cultural, financial, and media capital[1][2] of the world,[3][4][5][6][7] the world's most economically powerful city,[8][9][10] and the greatest city in the world.[11][12]
Coordinates: 40°48′31″N 74°1′13.39″W / 40.80861°N 74.0203861°W / 40.80861; -74.0203861Coordinates: 40°48′31″N 74°1′13.39″W / 40.80861°N 74.0203861°W / 40.80861; -74.0203861
Country	United States
States	New York  New Jersey  Connecticut  Pennsylvania
Principal municipalities	New York City *Manhattan *Brooklyn *Queens *The Bronx *Staten Island Allentown Basking Ridge Bethlehem Bridgeport Brookhaven Clifton Danbury East Windsor Edison Elizabeth Fair Lawn Fort Lee Glen Cove Hackensack Hempstead Jersey City Lakewood Long Beach Mount Kisco Mount Vernon New Brunswick New Haven Morristown New Rochelle Newark North Hempstead Norwalk Old Bridge Oyster Bay Paramus Parsippany Passaic Paterson Poughkeepsie Princeton Stamford Torrington Trenton Waterbury West New York West Windsor White Plains Woodbridge Yonkers
Area
• Megacity	4,585 sq mi (11,880 km2)
Population
• Density	4,432/sq mi (1,711/km2)
• Metro	21,045,000
• MSA (2017)	20,320,876[13] (1st)
• CSA (2016)	23,689,255[14] (1st)
Time zone	UTC-05:00 (EST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-04:00 (EDT)
Area code(s)	201, 203, 212, 272, 347, 475, 484, 516, 551, 570, 609, 610, 631, 646, 718, 732, 845, 848, 860, 862, 908, 914, 917, 929, 973
GDP	$1.718 trillion (2017)[15]
GDP per capita	$84,547 (2017)
Highest elevation 4,180 ft/1,274 m (Slide Mountain (Ulster County, New York), in the Catskill Mountains). Lowest elevation 0 ft/0 m (sea level) at the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island Sound, and at Hudson River estuary waterways.

The New York metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass, at 4,495 sq mi (11,640 km²).^[16] The metropolitan area includes New York City (the most populous city in the United States), Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; and six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities.

The New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.3 million residents in 2017)^[13] and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents in 2016).^[17] It is the largest urban agglomeration in the Americas and the tenth largest in the world.^[18][19][20] The New York metropolitan area continues to be the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States,^{[21][22][23][24]} with the largest foreign-born population of any metropolitan region in the world. The MSA covers 6,720 sq mi (17,405 km²), while the CSA area is 13,318 sq mi (34,493 km²), encompassing an ethnically and geographically diverse region. The New York metropolitan area's population is larger than that of the state of New York, and the metropolitan airspace accommodated over 130 million passengers in 2016.^[25]

As a center of many industries, including finance, international trade, news and traditional media, real estate, education, fashion, entertainment, tourism, biotechnology, law, and manufacturing, the New York City metropolitan region is one of the most important economic regions in the world; in 2015, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of nearly US$1.60 trillion,^[26] while in 2015, the CSA^[27] had a GMP of over US$1.83 trillion, both ranking first nationally by a wide margin and behind the GDP of only nine nations and seven nations, respectively.^[28] In 2012, the New York metropolitan area was also home to seven of the 25 wealthiest counties in the United States by median household income, according to the American Community Survey.^[29] According to Forbes, in 2014, the New York City metropolitan area was home to eight of the top ten ZIP codes in the United States by median housing price, with six in Manhattan alone.^[30] The New York Metropolitan Area also houses five of the top ten richest places in America, according to Bloomberg. These are Scarsdale, NY; Short Hills, NJ; Old Greenwich, CT; Bronxville, NY; and Darien, CT.^[31]

The New York metropolitan region's higher education network comprises hundreds of colleges and universities, including Columbia University, Princeton University, Yale University, which are ranked among the top 4 universities in the United States and top 10 in the world.^[32][33] Institutions such as New York University, Cornell Tech and Rockefeller University, additionally have been ranked among the top 40 in the world.^[34][35]

Definitions

Metropolitan statistical area

Satellite imagery showing the New York metropolitan area at night. Long Island extends to the east of Manhattan, the central core of the metropolitan area.

Part of the Palisades Interstate Park, the cliffs of the New Jersey Palisades of Bergen County overlook the Hudson River as well as The Bronx and Upper Manhattan in New York City.

Enveloped by the Atlantic Ocean and Long Island Sound, New York City and Long Island alone are home to approximately 11 million residents conjointly.

The Bear Mountain Bridge connecting Westchester and Rockland Counties, New York, across the Hudson River, as seen from Bear Mountain

The U.S. Office of Management and Budget utilizes two definitions of the area: the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) and the combined statistical area (CSA). The MSA definition is titled the New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area, and includes a population of 20.3 million people by 2017 Census estimates, roughly 1 in 16 Americans and nearly 7 million more than the second-place Los Angeles metropolitan area in the United States.^[13] The MSA is further subdivided into four metropolitan divisions. The 26-county MSA includes 12 counties in New York State (coextensive with the five boroughs of New York City, the two counties of Long Island, and five counties in the lower Hudson Valley); 13 counties in Northern and Central New Jersey; and 1 county in northeastern Pennsylvania. The largest urbanized area in the United States is at the heart of the metropolitan area, the New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT Urbanized Area (estimated to have an area of 6,720 square miles).

The counties and county groupings constituting the New York metropolitan area are listed below, with 2012 population estimates:

New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY–NJ–PA Metropolitan Statistical Area (19,831,858) (Note: 20,182,305 estimated in 2015^[13])

• New York–Jersey City–White Plains, NY–NJ Metropolitan Division (11,732,233)
  
  
  
  • 
    Kings County, NY (the borough of Brooklyn in NYC)
    
  
  
  • 
    Queens County, NY (the borough of Queens in NYC)
    
  
  
  • 
    New York County, NY (the borough of Manhattan in NYC)
    
  
  
  • 
    Bronx County, NY (the borough of The Bronx in NYC)
    
  
  
  • 
    Richmond County, NY (the borough of Staten Island in NYC)
    
  
  
  • Westchester County, NY
  
  
  • Bergen County, NJ
  
  
  • Hudson County, NJ
  
  
  • Middlesex County, NJ
  
  
  • Monmouth County, NJ
  
  
  • Ocean County, NJ
  
  
  • Passaic County, NJ
  
  
  • Rockland County, NY
  
  
  • Orange County, NY
  
  
  
  


• Nassau County–Suffolk County, NY Metropolitan Division (2,875,904)
  
  
  
  • Suffolk County
  
  
  • Nassau County
  
  
  
  


• Dutchess County-Putnam County, NY Metropolitan Division (397,198)
  
  
  
  • Putnam County
  
  
  • Dutchess County
  
  
  
  


• 
  Newark, NJ–PA Metropolitan Division (2,126,269)
  
  
  
  • Essex County, NJ
  
  
  • Union County, NJ
  
  
  • Morris County, NJ
  
  
  • Somerset County, NJ
  
  
  • Sussex County, NJ
  
  
  • Hunterdon County, NJ
  
  
  • Pike County, PA
  
  
  
  

Combined statistical area

Counties comprising the New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA combined statistical area
New York–Jersey City–White Plains, NY–NJ metropolitan division
Dutchess County–Putnam County, NY metropolitan division
Nassau County–Suffolk County, NY metropolitan division
Newark, NJ–PA metropolitan division
Remainder of the New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA combined statistical area

Combined statistical areas (CSAs) group together adjacent core-based statistical areas with a high degree of economic interconnection.^[36] The New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA Combined Statistical Area had an estimated population of 23.7 million as of 2014.^[17] About one out of every fifteen Americans resides in this region, which includes ten additional counties in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. This area, less the Pennsylvania portion, is often referred to as the tri-state area and less commonly the tri-state region. The New York City television designated market area (DMA) includes Pike County, Pennsylvania,^[37] which is also included in the CSA.

In addition to the New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY–NJ–PA metropolitan statistical areas (MSA), the following core-based statistical areas are also included in the New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA CSA:

• 
  Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk, CT MSA (916,829)
  
  • Fairfield County
  
  


• 
  New Haven–Milford, CT MSA (862,477)
  
  • New Haven County, Connecticut
  
  


• 
  Allentown–Bethlehem–Easton MSA (821,173)
  
  
  
  • Warren County, New Jersey
  
  
  • Carbon County, Pennsylvania
  
  
  • Lehigh County, Pennsylvania
  
  
  • Northampton County, Pennsylvania
  
  
  
  


• 
  Trenton, NJ MSA (366,222)
  
  • Mercer County
  
  


• 
  Torrington, CT micropolitan statistical area (189,927)
  
  • Litchfield County
  
  


• 
  Kingston, NY MSA (182,693)
  
  • Ulster County
  
  


• 
  East Stroudsburg, PA MSA (169,842)
  
  • Monroe County, Pennsylvania
  
  

Geography

High Point Monument as seen from Lake Marcia at High Point, Sussex County, the highest elevation in New Jersey at 1,803 feet (550 m) above sea level.^[38]

The area is frequently divided into the following subregions:^[39][40]

• 
  New York City (center of the region, comprising five boroughs, one of which is Manhattan, the geographical, cultural, and economic core of the entire metropolitan area)


• Central and eastern Long Island (Nassau and Suffolk Counties – separated by water from the rest of the region except New York City; not including Queens County or Kings County (Brooklyn), which are concurrent with two of New York City's five boroughs)


• 
  North Jersey (northern portion of New Jersey)


• 
  Central Jersey (middle portion of New Jersey)


• 
  Hudson Valley (Lower Hudson Valley suburbs of Westchester, Putnam, and Rockland Counties; and Mid-Hudson exurbs of Dutchess, Sullivan, Orange, and Ulster Counties)


• Western Connecticut (Only Fairfield, New Haven, and Litchfield Counties are part of the region and separated by the state line)


• 
  Lehigh Valley (Carbon, Lehigh, and Northampton Counties in Pennsylvania and Warren County in New Jersey)


• Southern and Eastern Poconos (Monroe and Pike Counties in Pennsylvania)

All eight subregions are often further divided. For instance, Long Island can be divided into its South and North Shores (usually when speaking about Nassau County and western Suffolk County) and the East End. The Hudson Valley and Connecticut are sometimes grouped together and referred to as the Northern Suburbs, largely because of the shared usage of the Metro-North Railroad system.^[41]

Subregions

New York City

Ten-mile Manhattan skyline panorama from 120th Street to the Battery, taken in February 2018 from across the Hudson River in Weehawken, New Jersey.

1. Riverside Church


2. Time Warner Center


3. 220 Central Park South


4. Central Park Tower


5. One57


6. 432 Park Avenue


7. 53W53


8. Chrysler Building


9. Bank of America Tower


10. Conde Nast Building


11. The New York Times Building


12. Empire State Building


13. Manhattan West


14. a: 55 Hudson Yards, b: 35 Hudson Yards, c: 10 Hudson Yards, d: 15 Hudson Yards
    


15. 56 Leonard Street


16. 8 Spruce Street


17. Woolworth Building


18. 70 Pine Street


19. 30 Park Place


20. Trump Building


21. Three World Trade Center


22. Four World Trade Center


23. One World Trade Center

The geographical, cultural, and economic center of the metropolitan area is New York City, which consists of five boroughs, each of which is also a county of New York State.^[42] The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.^[43] With a Census-estimated population of 8,550,405 in 2015 (8,491,079 in 2014^[44][45]), distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km²),^[46] New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States.^[47] A global power city,^[48] New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace^[49][50] defining the term New York minute.^[51] Home to the headquarters of the United Nations,^[52] New York is an important center for international diplomacy.^[53] New York City is a global city^[54] and has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital^[1][2] of the world,^[55][56][9] the world's most economically powerful city,^[8][9][10] and the greatest city in the world.^[11][12]

Long Island

The Village of Garden City in Nassau County, Long Island's Town of Hempstead, which with over 770,000 people is the New York metropolitan area's most populous individual municipality outside New York City.^[57]

Westhampton, Suffolk County, New York, on the East End of Long Island

Long Island is an island located just off the northeast coast of the United States and a region wholly within both the U.S. state of New York and the New York City metropolitan area. Stretching east-northeast from New York Harbor into the Atlantic Ocean, the island comprises four counties: Kings and Queens (these form the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, respectively) to the west; then Nassau and Suffolk to the east. However, most people in the New York metropolitan area (even those living in Queens and Brooklyn) colloquially use the term "Long Island" (or "The Island") exclusively to refer to the Nassau-Suffolk county area collectively, which is mainly suburban in character.^[58] North of the island is Long Island Sound, across which are the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island.

With a Census-estimated population of 7,838,722 in 2015, constituting nearly 40% of New York State's population,^{[59][60][61][62][63]} the majority of New York City residents, 58% as of 2015, now live on Long Island, namely the estimated 4,896,398 residents living in the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens.^[64] Long Island is the most populated island in any U.S. state or territory, and the 17th-most populous island in the world (ahead of Ireland, Jamaica, and Hokkaidō). Its population density is 5,571 inhabitants per square mile (2,151/km²). If Long Island geographically constituted an independent metropolitan statistical area, it would rank fourth most populous in the United States; while if it were a U.S. state, Long Island would rank 13th in population and first in population density. Queens is the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world.^[65][66] The Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, with an estimated population of 770,367 in 2016, is the most populous municipality in the New York metropolitan area outside of New York City.^[57]

Long Island is the most populated island in the United States and the 17th most populous island in the world, but is more prominently known for recreation, boating, and miles of public beaches, including numerous town, county, and state parks, as well as Fire Island National Seashore and wealthy and expensive coastal residential enclaves. Along the north shore, the Gold Coast of Long Island, featured in the film The Great Gatsby, is an upscale section of Nassau and western Suffolk counties that once featured many lavish mansions built and inhabited by wealthy business tycoons in the earlier years of the 20th century, of which only a few remain preserved as historic sites. The East End of Long Island (known as the "Twin Forks" because of its physical shape) boasts open spaces for farmland and wineries. The South Fork, in particular, comprises numerous towns and villages known collectively as "The Hamptons" and has an international reputation as a "playground for the rich and famous", with some of the wealthiest communities in the United States. In 2015, according to Business Insider, the 11962 zip code encompassing Sagaponack, within Southampton, was listed as the most expensive in the U.S. by real estate-listings site Property Shark, with a median home sale price of $5,125,000.^[67]
During the summer season, many celebrities and the wealthy visit or reside in mansions and waterfront homes, while others spend weekends enjoying the beaches, gardens, bars, restaurants, and nightclubs.

Long Island is served by a network of parkways and expressways, with the Long Island Expressway, Northern State Parkway, and Southern State Parkway being major east-west routes across significant portions of the island. Passenger rail access is provided by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) Long Island Rail Road, one of the largest commuter railroads in the United States. Air travel needs are served by several airports. Within Queens, the island is home to John F. Kennedy International Airport and LaGuardia Airport, two of the three major airline hubs serving the New York City area (with Newark Liberty International Airport being the third; all three major airports are operated by The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey). Long Island MacArthur Airport (serving commercial airlines) and Farmingdale/Republic Airport (private and commuter flights) are both located in Suffolk County.

Northern New Jersey

The Great Falls of the Passaic River in Paterson, Passaic County, New Jersey, dedicated as a National Historical Park in November 2011, incorporates one of the largest waterfalls in the eastern United States.^[68]

Northern New Jersey, also known colloquially as North Jersey, is typically defined as comprising the following counties:

• Bergen County


• Essex County


• Somerset County


• Hudson County


• 
  Hunterdon County (anything north of Readington Township)


• Morris County


• Passaic County


• Sussex County


• 
  Union County (anything north of Westfield)


• Warren County

The New Jersey State Department of Tourism splits North Jersey into the urban Gateway Region and the more rural Skylands Region. Northern New Jersey is home to four of the largest cities of that state: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, and Elizabeth.

The region is geographically diverse with wetlands, mountains, and valleys throughout the area. It has a large network of expressways and public transportation rail services, mostly operated by New Jersey Transit. Northern New Jersey also contains the second busiest airport in the New York City metropolitan area, Newark Liberty International Airport.

Downtown Trenton in Mercer County, including the New Jersey State House topped by its golden dome, alongside the Delaware River

Downtown New Brunswick, Middlesex County, New Jersey, an educational and cultural district undergoing gentrification

Although it is a suburban and rural region of New York City, much of the Gateway Region is highly urbanized. The entirety of Hudson County, eastern Essex County, southern Passaic County as well as Elizabeth in Union County are all densely populated areas.

Central New Jersey

Central Jersey is the middle portion of the state of New Jersey. Municipalities including Trenton (the state capital of New Jersey and the only U.S. state capital within the New York metropolitan area) and Princeton (home to Princeton University) are located in this subregion, as is a significant portion of the Jersey Shore.

• Middlesex County


• Mercer County


• Monmouth County


• Ocean County


• 
  Union County (anything south of Westfield)


• 
  Hunterdon County (anything south of Readington Township)

Belmar, Monmouth County, on the Jersey Shore

The Mohonk Mountain House, Ulster County, New York, in the Hudson Valley, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1986.^[69]

Sugarloaf Hill in Putnam County, New York, in the Hudson Valley

Lower Hudson Valley

Known for its hilly terrain, picturesque settings, and quaint small towns and villages, the Lower Hudson Valley is centered around the Hudson River north of New York City and lies within New York State. Westchester and Putnam counties are located on the eastern side of the river, and Rockland and Orange counties are located on the western side of the river. Westchester and Rockland counties are connected by the heavily trafficked New Tappan Zee Bridge, as well as by the Bear Mountain Bridge near their northern ends. Several branches of the MTA Metro-North Railroad serve the region's rail commuters. Southern Westchester County contains more densely populated areas and includes the cities of Yonkers, Mount Vernon, New Rochelle, and White Plains. Although many of the suburban communities of Westchester are known for their affluence and expense (some examples: Bronxville, Scarsdale, Chappaqua, Armonk, Katonah, and Briarcliff Manor), the Lower Hudson Valley as a whole is one of the fastest-growing areas in the metropolitan area because of high housing costs in New York City and the inner suburbs.

Historically, the valley was home to many factories, including paper mills, but a significant number have closed. After years of lingering pollution, cleanup efforts to improve the Hudson River water quality are currently planned and will be supervised by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).^[70]

Mid-Hudson Valley

The Mid-Hudson Valley region of the State of New York is midway between New York City and the state capital of Albany. The area includes the counties of Dutchess, Ulster, and Sullivan, as well as the northern portions of Orange County, with the region's main cities being Poughkeepsie, Newburgh, Kingston, and Beacon. The Walkway over the Hudson, which is one of the longest footbridges in the world, crosses the Hudson River connecting Poughkeepsie and Highland. The 13 mile-long Dutchess Rail Trail stretches from Hopewell Junction to the beginning of the Walkway over the Hudson in Poughkeepsie. The area is home to the Wappingers Central School District, which the second largest school district in the state of New York. The Newburgh Waterfront in the City of Newburgh is home to many high-end restaurants. The City of Beacon is home to many neat eateries and shops.

U.S. Route 9, I-84, and the Taconic State Parkway all run through Dutchess County. Metro-North Railroad train station, New Hamburg, is located in the Town of Poughkeepsie and runs from Poughkeepsie to Grand Central Station in New York City.

Western Connecticut

Mohawk Mountain Ski Area in Cornwall, Litchfield County, Connecticut, in the Berkshire Mountains

Fairfield, New Haven, and Litchfield counties are in western Connecticut. Large businesses are scattered throughout the area, though mostly contained within affluent Fairfield County. The three counties (and Connecticut in general) are known for affluence. Geographically, the areas are flat along the coast with low hills eventually giving way to larger hills such as The Berkshires further inland, to the Massachusetts border. Most of the largest cities in the state are located within New Haven County (home to Yale University) and Fairfield County.

Monroe and Pike Counties, Pennsylvania

Dingmans Falls in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, Pike County, northeastern Pennsylvania

Pike County is located in northeastern Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 57,369.^[71] Its county seat is Milford.^[72] Part of the Pocono Mountains region lies within Pike County, which has ranked among the fastest-growing counties of Pennsylvania.^[73]

Monroe County was added to the CMSA in March 2013, as was the Lehigh Valley. Monroe's county seat is Stroudsburg, and its largest borough is East Stroudsburg. Monroe and Pike were the fastest-growing counties in Pennsylvania in the 2000–2010 decade and are home to many residents who commute to jobs in northern New Jersey and New York City. They are located largely in the Pocono Mountains and have multiple state parks as well as most of the Pennsylvania portion of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. Efforts continue to resume passenger rail service on the Lackawanna Cutoff route between Scranton and northern New Jersey via Monroe County.

Lehigh Valley

The Allentown–Bethlehem–Easton MSA (better known as the Lehigh Valley) consists of Carbon, Lehigh, and Northampton counties. It constitutes the third-most-populous metropolitan area of Pennsylvania, after the Philadelphia metropolitan area and the Pittsburgh metropolitan area; and Allentown is the state's third-most populous city, after Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. The region is important for east-west transportation between New York City, northern and central New Jersey, the Harrisburg metropolitan area, and points west, both by rail and Interstate 78. It is also critical for north-south road traffic via Interstate 476 and the Route 33 Expressway. The Lehigh Valley is in the process of major urban economic redevelopment, including development of the logistics industry as well as the Two Rivers Landing in downtown Easton, the Steel Stacks/Sands complex on the south side of Bethlehem, and a multi-purpose arena (which hosted its first event on September 12, 2014) in downtown Allentown. In 2010 the population was 712,481 for the PA portion and 821,173 in the MSA as a whole. While a large portion of Carbon County is in the Pocono Mountains, it is also in the Lehigh River valley and the employment interchange is mainly with Lehigh and Northampton Counties.

Urban areas of the region

Downtown Stamford in Fairfield County, Connecticut

The New Haven Green Historic District in Connecticut was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1970.^[74]

The combined statistical area is a multicore metropolitan region containing several urban areas.

Aerial view of Newark, Essex County, New Jersey's most populous city

Public Library in Yonkers, Westchester County, New York

Barnum Museum in Bridgeport, Fairfield County, Connecticut's most populous city

Paterson, Passaic County, New Jersey, known as the "Silk City",^[75] seen here from Garret Mountain Reservation, is a prime destination for a diverse pool of international immigrants.^[76][77]

Allentown in Lehigh County is Pennsylvania's largest city within the New York metropolitan area.

Main cities

The following is a list of "principal cities" and their respective population estimates from the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau publication. Principal cities are generally those where there is a greater number of jobs than employed residents.^{[78][79][80][81]}

• New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island MSA
  
  
  
  • 
    New York City: 8,175,133
  
  
  • 
    Hempstead, New York: 759,757
  
  
  • 
    Brookhaven, New York: 486,040
  
  
  • 
    Islip, New York: 335,543
  
  
  • 
    Oyster Bay, New York: 293,214
  
  
  • 
    Newark, New Jersey: 277,140
  
  
  • 
    Jersey City, New Jersey: 247,597
  
  
  • 
    North Hempstead, New York: 226,322
  
  
  • 
    Babylon, New York: 213,603
  
  
  • 
    Huntington, New York: 203,264
  
  
  • 
    Yonkers, New York: 195,976
  
  
  • 
    Paterson, New Jersey: 146,199
  
  
  • 
    Elizabeth, New Jersey: 128,640
  
  
  • 
    Ramapo, New York: 126,595
  
  
  • 
    Smithtown, New York: 117,801
  
  
  • 
    Edison, New Jersey: 99,967
  
  
  • 
    Woodbridge Township, New Jersey: 99,265
  
  
  • 
    New Rochelle, New York: 77,062
  
  
  • 
    Mount Vernon, New York: 67,292
  
  
  • 
    White Plains, New York: 56,853
  
  
  • 
    Passaic, New Jersey: 72,500
  
  
  • 
    Union, New Jersey: 56,642
  
  
  • 
    Wayne, New Jersey: 54,717
  
  
  
  


• Trenton–Ewing MSA
  
  
  
  • 
    Trenton, New Jersey: 84,913
  
  
  • 
    Ewing, New Jersey: 35,790
  
  
  
  


• Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk MSA
  
  
  
  • 
    Bridgeport, Connecticut: 144,229
  
  
  • 
    Stamford, Connecticut: 122,643
  
  
  • 
    Norwalk, Connecticut: 85,603
  
  
  • 
    Danbury, Connecticut: 80,893
  
  
  • 
    Stratford, Connecticut: 51,384
  
  
  
  


• New Haven–Milford MSA
  
  
  
  • 
    New Haven, Connecticut: 129,779
  
  
  • 
    Waterbury, Connecticut: 109,272
  
  
  • 
    Milford, Connecticut: 51,271
  
  
  
  


• Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton MSA
  
  
  
  • 
    Allentown, Pennsylvania: 118,032
  
  
  • 
    Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: 74,982
  
  
  • 
    Easton, Pennsylvania: 26,800
  
  
  
  


• Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown MSA
  
  
  
  • 
    Poughkeepsie, New York: 32,736
  
  
  • 
    Newburgh, New York: 28,866
  
  
  • 
    Middletown, New York: 28,086
  
  
  
  


• Kingston MSA
  
  • 
    Kingston, New York: 23,893
  
  


• Torrington Micropolitan Area
  
  • 
    Torrington, Connecticut: 36,383
  
  

Climate

Under the Köppen climate classification, New York City, western (and parts of eastern) Long Island, coastal Connecticut and the Jersey Shore experience a temperate or humid subtropical climate (Cfa),^[82][83] and New York is thus the northernmost major city on the North American continent with this climate type.

Much of the remainder of the metropolitan area lies in the transition zone from a temperate/humid subtropical (Cfa) to a humid continental climate (Dfa),^[82][83] and it is only the inland, more exurban areas far to the north and west such as Sussex County, New Jersey, that have a January daily average of −3 °C (26.6 °F) or below and are fully humid continental; the Dfb (warm summer subtype) regime is only found inland at a higher elevation,^[82] and receives greater snowfall^[84] than the Dfa region. Carbon, Monroe, and Pike Counties in Pennsylvania also have a fully humid continental climate, as do colder areas of Lehigh and Northampton Counties.

The oceanic climate zone (Cfb) only exists on the North Fork, islands in Peconic Bay, and Fishers Island. It is rare in eastern North America.

Summers in the area are typically hot and humid. Nighttime conditions in and around the five boroughs of New York City are often exacerbated by the urban heat island phenomenon, and temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on average of 7–8 days (on the immediate Long Island Sound and Atlantic coasts), up to in excess of 27 days (inland suburbs in New Jersey) each summer and may exceed 100 °F (38 °C).^{[citation needed]}. Normally, warm to hot temperatures begin in mid May, and last through early October. Summers also feature passing thundershowers which build in the heat of the day, then drop brief, but intense rainfall.

Winters are cool to cold, with a mix of rain and occasional snow. Although prevailing winds in winter are offshore, and temper the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean, the Atlantic and the partial shielding by the Appalachians from colder air keep the New York area warmer in the winter than inland North American metropolitan areas located at similar or lesser latitudes including Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis. Warm periods with 50 °F (10 °C)+ temperatures may occasionally occur during winter as well.^[85] The hardiness zone in the New York metropolitan area varies over a wide range from 5a in the highest areas of Dutchess, Monroe, and Ulster Counties to 7b in most of NYC as well as Hudson County from Bayonne up the east side of the Palisades to Route 495, the majority of Nassau County, the north coast of Monmouth County, and Copiague Beach, Lindenhurst, and Montauk in Suffolk County. [4]

Almost all of the metropolitan area receives at least 42 inches (1,070 mm) of precipitation annually, which is relatively evenly spread throughout the year, and many areas receive upwards of 50 in (1,270 mm). Average winter snowfall for 1981 to 2010 ranges from just under 25 inches (64 cm) along the coast of Long Island to more than 50 in (127 cm) in some inland areas, but this usually varies considerably from year to year.^[86] Hurricanes and tropical storms have impacted the Tri-State area in the past, though a direct hit is rare. Several areas on Long Island, New Jersey, and the Connecticut coast have been impacted by serious storm surges in the past. Inland areas have been impacted by heavy rain and flooding from tropical cyclones.^[87]

The New York metropolitan area averages 234 days with at least some sunshine and 59% of possible sunlight annually,^[88] accumulating 2,400 to 2,800 hours of sunshine per annum.^[89]

History

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Peter Minuit is credited with the purchase of the island of Manhattan in 1626.

New Amsterdam, centered in the eventual Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year England took control and renamed it New York

Little Italy, Lower East Side, Manhattan, circa 1900.

The United Nations Headquarters, established in Midtown Manhattan in 1952

Liberty Enlightening the World, known as the Statue of Liberty, on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, is a globally recognized symbol of both the United States and ideals such as freedom, democracy, and opportunity.^[100]

The World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan during the September 11 attacks in 2001, which caused nearly 3,000 deaths, mostly residents of the metropolitan region.

One World Trade Center, built in its place and opened in 2014.

During the Wisconsinan glaciation, the region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the geologic foundation for much of the New York City metropolitan region today. Later on, the ice sheet would help split apart what are now Long Island and Staten Island.

The Unisphere in Flushing Meadows – Corona Park, iconic of Queens, the most ethnically diverse U.S. county and a borough of New York City.^[101][102]

At the time of European contact the region was inhabited by Native Americans, predominantly the Lenape,^[103] and others. The Native Americans used the abundant waterways in the area for many purposes, such as fishing and trade routes. Sailing for France in 1524, Giovanni da Verrazzano was the first European to enter the local waters and encounter the residents, but he did not make landfall. Henry Hudson, sailing for the Dutch in 1609, visited the area and built a settlement on Lower Manhattan Island that was eventually renamed New Amsterdam by Dutch colonists in 1626.^[104] In 1664, the area went under English control,^[104][105] and was later renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York.^[106][107]

As the fur trade expanded further north, New York became a trading hub, which brought in a diverse set of ethnic groups including Africans, Jews, and Portuguese. The island of Manhattan had an extraordinary natural harbor formed by New York Bay (actually the drowned lower river valley of the Hudson River, enclosed by glacial moraines), the East River (actually a tidal strait), and the Hudson River, all of which merge at the southern tip, from which all later development spread. During the American Revolution, the strategic waterways made New York vitally important as a wartime base for the British navy. Many battles such as the Battle of Long Island and the Battle of New York were fought in the region to secure it. New York City was captured by the British early in the war, becoming a haven for Loyalist refugees from other parts of the country, and remained in the hands of the British until the war ended in 1783. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790,^[108] after which the capital moved to Philadelphia. New York City has been the country's largest city since 1790.^[109] In 1792, the Buttonwood Agreement, made by a group of merchants, created what is now the New York Stock Exchange in Lower Manhattan. Today, many people in the metropolitan area work in this important stock exchange.

The Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor greeted millions of immigrants as they came to America by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries^[110] and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy.^[111] Large-scale immigration into New York was a result of a large demand for manpower. A cosmopolitan attitude in the city created tolerance for various cultures and ethnic groups. German, Irish, and Italian immigrants were among the largest ethnic groups. Today, many of their descendants continue to live in the region. Cultural buildings such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Metropolitan Opera, and the American Museum of Natural History were built. New York newspapers were read around the country as media moguls James Gordon Bennett, Sr., Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst battled for readership. In 1884, over 70% of exports passed through ports in New York or in one of the surrounding towns. The five boroughs of New York City — The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island — were consolidated into a single city in 1898.^[112][113]

The newly unified New York City encouraged both more physical connections between the boroughs and the growth of bedroom communities. The New York City Subway began operating in 1904 as the Interborough Rapid Transit Company, one of three systems (the other two being the Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corporation and the Independent Subway System) that were later taken over by the city. Railroad stations such as Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Station helped fuel suburban growth. During the era of the Prohibition, when alcohol was banned nationwide, organized crime grew to supply the high demand for bootleg alcohol. The Broadway Theater District developed with the showing of the musical, Show Boat.

The Great Depression suspended the region's fortunes as a period of widespread unemployment and poverty began. City planner Robert Moses began his automobile-centered career of building bridges, parkways, and later expressways. During World War II, the city economy was hurt by blockades of German U-Boats, which limited shipping with Europe.

After its population peaked in 1950, much of the city's population left for the suburbs of New York City over the following decades. The effects were a result of white flight. Industry and commerce also declined in this era, with businesses leaving for the suburbs and other cities. The city, particularly Brooklyn, was dealt a psychological as well as an economic blow with the loss of the iconic Brooklyn Dodgers major-league baseball team, which moved to Los Angeles after the 1957 season. Crime affected the city severely. Urban renewal projects alleviated the decay in Midtown Manhattan to a certain extent, but later failed. There was little reported social disruption during the Northeast Blackout of 1965, but the New York City Blackout of 1977 caused massive rioting in some parts of the city. A rare highlight was the completion of the former World Trade Center, which once stood as the tallest buildings in the world.

In the 1980s, the city economy was booming. Wall Street was fueling an economic surge in the real estate market. Despite this, crime was still an issue. Beginning in the 1990s, however, crime dropped substantially. Crime in New York City has continued to decline through the 21st century.

A flooded Avenue C in Manhattan just moments before the explosion at an electrical substation caused by Hurricane Sandy on October 29, 2012.^[114]

A major event in the region's and the nation's history was the September 11th attacks in 2001, which killed nearly 3,000 people as two planes crashed into the former World Trade Center and caused the towers to collapse. Businesses led an exodus from Lower Manhattan because of this but were replaced by an increased number of high-rise residences. In 2003, another blackout occurred, the 2003 North America blackout, but the city suffered no looting and a building boom in New York City continues to this day.

On October 29 and 30, 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused extensive destruction in the metropolitan area, ravaging portions of the Atlantic coastline with record-high storm surge, severe flooding, and high winds, causing power outages for millions of residents via downed trees and power lines and malfunctions at electrical substations, leading to gasoline shortages and snarling mass transit systems. Damage to New York and New Jersey in terms of physical infrastructure and private property as well as including interrupted commerce was estimated at several tens of billions of dollars.^[115] The storm and its profound impacts have prompted the discussion of constructing seawalls and other coastal barriers around the shorelines of the metropolitan area to minimize the risk of destructive consequences from another such event in the future.^[116][117]

Statistical history

The U.S. Census Bureau first designated metropolitan areas in 1950 as standard metropolitan areas (SMAs). The "New York–Northeastern NJ SMA" was defined to include 17 counties: 9 in New York (the five boroughs of New York City, Nassau, Suffolk, Westchester, and Rockland) and 8 in New Jersey (Bergen, Hudson, Passaic, Essex, Union, Morris, Somerset, and Middlesex). In 1960, the metropolitan area standards were modified and renamed standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSAs). The new standards resulted in the splitting of the former SMA into several pieces: the nine New York counties became the "New York SMSA"; three of the New Jersey counties (Essex, Union, and Morris) became the "Newark SMSA"; two other New Jersey counties (Bergen and Passaic) became the "Paterson–Passaic–Clifton SMSA"; Hudson County was designated the "Jersey City SMSA"; and Middlesex and Somerset counties lost their metropolitan status. In 1973, a new set of metropolitan area standards resulted in further changes: Nassau and Suffolk counties were split off as their own SMSA ("Nassau–Suffolk SMSA"); Bergen County (originally part of the Paterson–Clifton–Passaic SMSA) was transferred to the New York SMSA; the New York SMSA also received Putnam County (previously non-metropolitan); Somerset County was added to the Newark SMSA; and two new SMSAs, the "New Brunswick–Perth Amboy–Sayreville SMSA" (Middlesex County) and "Long Branch–Asbury Park SMSA" (Monmouth County), were established. In 1983, the concept of a consolidated metropolitan statistical area (CMSA) was first implemented. A CMSA consisted of several primary metropolitan statistical areas (PMSAs), which were individual employment centers within a wider labor market area. The "New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island CMSA" consisted of 12 PMSAs.

Seven PMSAs were based on the original 1950 New York SMA that were split up: New York, Bergen–Passaic, Jersey City, Middlesex–Somerset–Hunterdon (Hunterdon added for the first time), Monmouth–Ocean (Ocean added for the first time), Nassau–Suffolk, and Newark (Sussex added for the first time). One additional PMSA was the Orange County PMSA (previously the Newburgh–Middletown SMSA). The other four PMSAs were former SMSAs in Connecticut: Bridgeport, Stamford, Norwalk, and Danbury. In 1993, four PMSAs were added to the New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island CMSA: Trenton PMSA (Mercer County), Dutchess County PMSA, Waterbury PMSA, and New Haven PMSA. Several new counties were also added to the CMSA: Sussex, Warren, and Pike. The CMSA model was originally utilized for tabulating data from the 2000 census. In 2003, a new set of standards was established using the Core Based Statistical Area (CBSA) model was adopted and remains in use as of 2010. The CBSA model resulted in the splitting up of the old CMSA into several metropolitan statistical areas: New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island, Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown, Trenton–Ewing, Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk (includes Danbury), and New Haven–Milford (includes Waterbury). In 2013, the Census Bureau added Carbon, Lehigh, Northampton, and Monroe counties in Pennsylvania, and Warren County, New Jersey (encompassing collectively the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ MSA and the East Stroudsburg, PA MSA), to the Combined Statistical Area,^[118] and assimilated Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown into the larger New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island–NY–NJ–PA MSA.

Proposals for the region

The metropolitan region has never had separate political representation from the rest of their original states. This to do with disagreements in the desired model and the constitution complexity of the metropolitan region being cross-state. Within the State of New York, discussions have emerged of not succeeded the New York-portion to a separate state but rather splitting the states into different regions, with separate governors and legislators whilst remaining part of the state.^[119][120] The idea has been seen by Republicans in the state as an opportunity to dislocate the Democratic party's hold in the state legislator.^[121][122] In February 2019, Republican state Senator Daphne Jordan supported a 2-region model whereby the "downstate" New York region would consist of all five New York City boroughs, Long Island's Nassau and Suffolk counties, and Westchester and Rockland counties; then Upstate would be the remaining 53.^[121][119] In March 2019 a bill was proposed in the New York state legislator to divide the state into three regions: New York having five counties; Montauk would consist of Nassau, Suffolk, Rockland, and Westchester counties and; New Amsterdam would be the remaining portion of New York.^[121][120]

Demographics

Spanish Harlem (El Barrio) in Upper Manhattan

Chinatown, Manhattan (紐約華埠). The New York City metropolitan area is home to the largest population of overseas Chinese outside of Asia, over three-quarters of a million in 2013.^[123][124]

Bergen County (버겐 카운티), New Jersey, is home to all of the nation's top ten municipalities by percentage of Korean population, led by Palisades Park (벼랑 공원) (above), a borough where Koreans comprise the majority (52%) of the population.^[125][126]

India Square, Jersey City, New Jersey, known as Little Bombay,^[127] home to the highest concentration of Asian Indians in the Western Hemisphere.^[128]

2010 Census

As of the 2010 Census, the metropolitan area had a population of 22,085,649. The population density was 1,865 per square mile. The racial markup was 51.7% White (non-Latino), 21.7% Latino, 15.3% African-American, 9.0% Asian-American, 0.16% Native American and Alaskan Native, 0.03% Pacific Islands American, 0.5% Other, and 1.6% Multiracial.^[129]

The median age was 37.9. 25.5% were under 18, 9.5% were 18 to 24 years, 28% were 25 to 44 years of age, 26.6% were 45 to 64 years old, and 13.2% were over the age of 65. Males composed 48.3% of the population while females were 51.7% of the population.^{[citation needed]}

97.7% of the population were in households, 2.3% were in group quarters, and 1% were institutionalized. There were 8,103,731 households of which 30.2% or 2,449,343 had children. 46.1% or 3,736,165 were composed of opposite sex and married couples. Male households with no wife composed 4.9% or 400,534. 15.0% or 1,212,436 were female households with no husbands. 34% or 2,754,596 were non-family households. The household density was 684 per square mile. 91.9% of housing units were occupied with a 3.8% vacancy rate. The average household size was 2.65 per household. The average income for non-family households was $90,335, and the average income for families was $104,715. 13.3% or 2,888,493 of the population were below the poverty line.^{[citation needed]}

26.7% or 5,911,993 of the population were born outside the United States. Out of this, most (50.6% or 2,992,639) were born in Latin America, 27.0% or 1,595,523 were born in Asia, 17.4% or 1,028,506 were born in Europe, 3.8% or 224,109 were born in Africa, and 0.2% or 11,957 were born in Oceania.^{[citation needed]}

Population estimates

As of July 1, 2015, the United States Census Bureau estimated the population of the New York City metropolitan area at 23,723,696, an increase of 647,032 from 2010.^[17]

The New York City metropolitan region is ethnically diverse. Asian Americans in New York City, according to the 2010 Census, number more than one million, greater than the combined totals of San Francisco and Los Angeles.^[130] New York contains the highest total Asian population of any U.S. city proper.^[131] The New York City borough of Queens is home to the state's largest Asian American population and the largest Andean (Colombian, Ecuadorian, Peruvian, and Bolivian) populations in the United States, and is also the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world.^[132][133] The Han Chinese population constitutes the fastest-growing ethnicity in New York State; multiple satellites of the original Manhattan Chinatown (紐約華埠), in Brooklyn (布鲁克林華埠), and around Flushing, Queens (法拉盛華埠), are thriving as traditionally urban enclaves, while also expanding rapidly eastward into suburban Nassau County.^[134] on Long Island,^[135] as the New York metropolitan region and New York State have become the top destinations for new Chinese immigrants, respectively, and large-scale Chinese immigration continues into New York City and surrounding areas.^{[136][137][138][139][140][141]} In 2012, 6.3% of New York City was of Chinese ethnicity, with nearly three-fourths living in either Queens or Brooklyn, geographically on Long Island.^[142] In particular, the New York area has over 100,000 Fuzhounese people.^[143] A community numbering 20,000 Korean-Chinese (Chaoxianzu (Chinese: 朝鲜族) or Joseonjok (Korean: 조선족)) is centered in Flushing, Queens, while New York City is also home to the largest Tibetan population outside China, India, and Nepal, also centered in Queens.^[144]Koreans made up 1.2% of the city's population, and Japanese 0.3%. Filipinos were the largest Southeast Asian ethnic group at 0.8%, followed by Vietnamese, who made up 0.2% of New York City's population in 2010. Indians are the largest South Asian group, comprising 2.4% of the city's population, with Bangladeshis and Pakistanis at 0.7% and 0.5%, respectively.^[145] Queens is the preferred borough of settlement for Asian Indians, Koreans, and Filipinos,^[146] as well as Malaysians^[21] and other Southeast Asians;^[147] while Brooklyn is receiving large numbers of both West Indian as well as Asian Indian immigrants.

New York City has the largest European and non-Hispanic white population of any American city. At 2.7 million in 2012, New York's non-Hispanic white population is larger than the non-Hispanic white populations of Los Angeles (1.1 million), Chicago (865,000), and Houston (550,000) combined.^[148] The European diaspora residing in the city is very diverse. According to 2012 Census estimates, there were roughly 560,000 Italian Americans, 385,000 Irish Americans, 253,000 German Americans, 223,000 Russian Americans, 201,000 Polish Americans, and 137,000 English Americans. Additionally, Greek and French Americans numbered 65,000 each, with those of Hungarian descent estimated at 60,000 people. Ukrainian and Scottish Americans numbered 55,000 and 35,000, respectively. People identifying ancestry from Spain numbered 30,838 total in 2010.^[149] People of Norwegian and Swedish descent both stood at about 20,000 each, while people of Czech, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Scotch-Irish, and Welsh descent all numbered between 12,000–14,000 people.^[150]Arab Americans number over 160,000 in New York City,^[151] with the highest concentration in Brooklyn. Central Asians, primarily Uzbek Americans, are a rapidly growing segment of the city's non-Hispanic white population, enumerating over 30,000, and including over half of all Central Asian immigrants to the United States,^[152] most settling in Queens or Brooklyn. Albanian Americans are most highly concentrated in the Bronx.^[153]

The New York City metropolitan area is home to the largest gay and bisexual community in the United States and one of the world's largest.^[154][155]

The wider New York City metropolitan area is also ethnically diverse.^[156] The New York region continues to be by far the leading metropolitan gateway for legal immigrants admitted into the United States, substantially exceeding the combined totals of Los Angeles and Miami, the next most popular gateway regions.^{[157][158][159][160]} It is home to the largest Jewish as well as Israeli communities outside Israel, with the Jewish population in the region numbering over 1.5 million in 2012 and including many diverse Jewish sects from around the Middle East and Eastern Europe.^[144] The metropolitan area is also home to 20% of the nation's Indian Americans and at least 20 Little India enclaves, as well as 15% of all Korean Americans and four Koreatowns;^[161][162] the largest Asian Indian population in the Western Hemisphere; the largest Russian American,^[136]Italian American, and African American populations; the largest Dominican American, Puerto Rican American, and South American^[136] and second-largest overall Hispanic population in the United States, numbering 4.8 million;^[149] and includes at least 6 established Chinatowns within New York City alone,^[163] with the urban agglomeration comprising a population of 819,527 uniracial overseas Chinese as of 2014 Census estimates,^[164] the largest outside of Asia.^[123][124]

Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil were the top source countries from South America for legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013; the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean; Egypt, Ghana, and Nigeria from Africa; and El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala in Central America.^[165] Amidst a resurgence of Puerto Rican migration to New York City, this population had increased to approximately 1.3 million in the metropolitan area as of 2013.

The New York metropolitan area is home to a self-identifying gay and bisexual community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States and one of the world's largest.^[154][155]Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.^[166] The annual New York City Pride March (or gay pride parade) traverses southward down Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, ending at Greenwich Village, and rivals the Sao Paulo Gay Pride Parade as the largest pride parade in the world, attracting tens of thousands of participants and millions of sidewalk spectators each June.^[167]

Religion

The landmark Neo-Gothic Roman Catholic St. Patrick's Cathedral, Midtown Manhattan.

Brooklyn's rapidly growing Orthodox Jewish (יהודי) community is the largest in the United States, with approximately 600,000 individuals.^[168]

The Islamic Cultural Center of New York (Arabic:المركز الثقافي الإسلامي في نيويورك) in Upper Manhattan.

Sri Maha Vallabha Ganapati Devasthanam (Tamil: ஸ்ரீ மகா வல்லப கணபதி தேவஸ்தானம்), in Flushing, Queens, the oldest Hindu temple in the United States.

The Chuang Yen Monastery (莊嚴寺), in Kent, Putnam County, houses the largest indoor statue of Buddha in the Western Hemisphere.^[169]

Atheism, promoted on an electronic billboard in Times Square, is observed by a significant proportion of New Yorkers.

The 2014 Pew Religious Landscape Survey showed that the religious makeup of the New York City metro area was as follows: