Which “exotic salt” can lower water's freezing point by –70 °C?When it rains, it puddles. Spilled salt...
Can my 2 children, aged 10 and 12, who are US citizens, travel to the USA on expired American passports?
How to deal with employer who keeps me at work after working hours
Dangerous workplace travelling
What is a common way to tell if an academic is "above average," or outstanding in their field? Is their h-index (Hirsh index) one of them?
It isn’t that you must stop now
How to pass hash as password to ssh server
All superlinear runtime algorithms are asymptotically equivalent to convex function?
Is throwing dice a stochastic or a deterministic process?
Krull dimension of the ring of global sections
How can I get people to remember my character's gender?
MX records from second domain to point to first domain but email is not delivered like on first domain
Disabling quote conversion in docstrings
How can Internet speed be 10 times slower without a router than when using the same connection with a router?
Page count conversion from single to double-space for submissions
Sparring against two opponents test
Why is my arithmetic with a long long int behaving this way?
As black, how should one respond to 4. Qe2 by white in the Russian Game, Damiano Variation?
Is it normal for gliders not to have attitude indicators?
How to preserve a rare version of a book?
Would a small hole in a Faraday cage drastically reduce its effectiveness at blocking interference?
Manslaughter or Negligence -does not inform all risks in surgery which results in death of a patient
Why would a military not separate its forces into different branches?
How to properly store the current value of int variable into a token list?
Sci-fi/fantasy book - ships on steel runners skating across ice sheets
Which “exotic salt” can lower water's freezing point by –70 °C?
When it rains, it puddles. Spilled salt cycles between wet and dry with humidity. Is this akin to a phase change?How can melting point equal freezing point?What non-toxic non-water substances have a freezing point very close to water's?How can water exist in three states in freezing point?How to determine which aqueous solution has the largest freezing point depressionCan any solute be used to lower the freezing point of water?Does this freezing point depression problem make sense?Why is the melting point of a substance is the same as its freezing point?Freezing point of oxygen-18 waterDepression of freezing pointFreezing point depression of salt solutions
$begingroup$
The Medium.com article Mars Phoenix Lander, 10 Years Later shows several remarkable images and discoveries on Mars by the Mars Phoenix Lander circa 2008.
One image (shown below) shows what looks like droplets of liquid water, condensed on the surface of one of the lander's legs.
The article says (emphasis mine):
Shortly after landing, the camera on Phoenix’s robotic arm captured views of blobs of material on one of the landing struts. Over time, these blobs moved, darkened, and coalesced, behaving like droplets of liquid water. The hypothesis here was that these blobs “splashed up” on the struts when the descent thrusters melted the ice exposed upon landing mentioned above.
But if liquid water isn’t stable on the martian surface, how did Phoenix observe liquid water on Mars? The key here lies in salt. If you live anywhere that gets snow, you’re probably familiar with salt as a de-icer for roads, sidewalks, etc. Salt lowers the freezing point of water, allowing it to remain liquid at temperatures lower than that of non-salty water. For example, pure water freezes at 0 °C/32 °F, but ocean saltwater freezes around −2 °C/28.4 °F. While the de-icing salts you get at the hardware store lower the freezing point by a few degrees, more exotic salts can lower the freezing point as much as −70 °C/−89 °F! Phoenix discovered some of these exotic salts in the soil around the lander—in particular, magnesium perchlorate. (note, minor editorial changes have been made)
Question: Which "exotic salt" can lower water's freezing point by −70 °C?
Is it in fact magnesium perchlorate (which was found on Mars) or is it a different salt?
Blobs of possible brine (really salty water) imaged on one of Phoenix’s landing struts shortly after arriving on Mars. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona/Max Planck Institute
inorganic-chemistry aqueous-solution phase
edited 12 mins ago
andselisk
20.4k669133
asked 2 hours ago
uhohuhoh
2,1211246
$endgroup$
|
show 4 more comments
$begingroup$
The Medium.com article Mars Phoenix Lander, 10 Years Later shows several remarkable images and discoveries on Mars by the Mars Phoenix Lander circa 2008.
One image (shown below) shows what looks like droplets of liquid water, condensed on the surface of one of the lander's legs.
The article says (emphasis mine):
Shortly after landing, the camera on Phoenix’s robotic arm captured views of blobs of material on one of the landing struts. Over time, these blobs moved, darkened, and coalesced, behaving like droplets of liquid water. The hypothesis here was that these blobs “splashed up” on the struts when the descent thrusters melted the ice exposed upon landing mentioned above.
But if liquid water isn’t stable on the martian surface, how did Phoenix observe liquid water on Mars? The key here lies in salt. If you live anywhere that gets snow, you’re probably familiar with salt as a de-icer for roads, sidewalks, etc. Salt lowers the freezing point of water, allowing it to remain liquid at temperatures lower than that of non-salty water. For example, pure water freezes at 0 °C/32 °F, but ocean saltwater freezes around −2 °C/28.4 °F. While the de-icing salts you get at the hardware store lower the freezing point by a few degrees, more exotic salts can lower the freezing point as much as −70 °C/−89 °F! Phoenix discovered some of these exotic salts in the soil around the lander—in particular, magnesium perchlorate. (note, minor editorial changes have been made)
Question: Which "exotic salt" can lower water's freezing point by −70 °C?
Is it in fact magnesium perchlorate (which was found on Mars) or is it a different salt?
Blobs of possible brine (really salty water) imaged on one of Phoenix’s landing struts shortly after arriving on Mars. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona/Max Planck Institute
inorganic-chemistry aqueous-solution phase
edited 12 mins ago
andselisk
20.4k669133
asked 2 hours ago
uhohuhoh
2,1211246
$endgroup$
2
$begingroup$
You know why freezing point of water is decreased by using salt? It is because of relative lowering in vapour pressure which depends on number of particles present in solution, it doesn't matter whatever sizes are or whatever the salt is, the necessary conditions are that the substance you are mixing must be non volatile and it must be a solution. So basically the more salt you mix the lower the freezing point is but there is a limit on how much you can mix salt in water. And freezing point is decreased by a few degrees only. -70° is like a dream. the text you are reading might be wrong.
$endgroup$
– Saurav Singh
1 hour ago
$begingroup$
Also -70 C seems awful cold for a super cooled liquid.
$endgroup$
– MaxW
1 hour ago
2
$begingroup$
@SauravSingh, vapor pressure has nothing to do with freezing point, though it does affect the boiling point.
$endgroup$
– DrMoishe Pippik
46 mins ago
$begingroup$
@DrMoishePippik as an aside, vapor pressure may have a role in the appearance of the droplets nonetheless. Assuming this is indeed water, it may have been the heat of the spacecraft that drove water vapor out of the Martian soil, allowing some of it to "deliquesce" on the salt-encrusted leg of the spacecraft.
$endgroup$
– uhoh
40 mins ago
$begingroup$
@andselisk Thanks, but is it proper to alter block quotes from external sources without indicating that the quote is no longer accurate?
$endgroup$
– uhoh
29 mins ago
|
show 4 more comments
$begingroup$
The Medium.com article Mars Phoenix Lander, 10 Years Later shows several remarkable images and discoveries on Mars by the Mars Phoenix Lander circa 2008.
One image (shown below) shows what looks like droplets of liquid water, condensed on the surface of one of the lander's legs.
The article says (emphasis mine):
Shortly after landing, the camera on Phoenix’s robotic arm captured views of blobs of material on one of the landing struts. Over time, these blobs moved, darkened, and coalesced, behaving like droplets of liquid water. The hypothesis here was that these blobs “splashed up” on the struts when the descent thrusters melted the ice exposed upon landing mentioned above.
But if liquid water isn’t stable on the martian surface, how did Phoenix observe liquid water on Mars? The key here lies in salt. If you live anywhere that gets snow, you’re probably familiar with salt as a de-icer for roads, sidewalks, etc. Salt lowers the freezing point of water, allowing it to remain liquid at temperatures lower than that of non-salty water. For example, pure water freezes at 0 °C/32 °F, but ocean saltwater freezes around −2 °C/28.4 °F. While the de-icing salts you get at the hardware store lower the freezing point by a few degrees, more exotic salts can lower the freezing point as much as −70 °C/−89 °F! Phoenix discovered some of these exotic salts in the soil around the lander—in particular, magnesium perchlorate. (note, minor editorial changes have been made)
Question: Which "exotic salt" can lower water's freezing point by −70 °C?
Is it in fact magnesium perchlorate (which was found on Mars) or is it a different salt?
Blobs of possible brine (really salty water) imaged on one of Phoenix’s landing struts shortly after arriving on Mars. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona/Max Planck Institute
inorganic-chemistry aqueous-solution phase
edited 12 mins ago
andselisk
20.4k669133
asked 2 hours ago
uhohuhoh
2,1211246
$endgroup$
The Medium.com article Mars Phoenix Lander, 10 Years Later shows several remarkable images and discoveries on Mars by the Mars Phoenix Lander circa 2008.
One image (shown below) shows what looks like droplets of liquid water, condensed on the surface of one of the lander's legs.
The article says (emphasis mine):
Shortly after landing, the camera on Phoenix’s robotic arm captured views of blobs of material on one of the landing struts. Over time, these blobs moved, darkened, and coalesced, behaving like droplets of liquid water. The hypothesis here was that these blobs “splashed up” on the struts when the descent thrusters melted the ice exposed upon landing mentioned above.
But if liquid water isn’t stable on the martian surface, how did Phoenix observe liquid water on Mars? The key here lies in salt. If you live anywhere that gets snow, you’re probably familiar with salt as a de-icer for roads, sidewalks, etc. Salt lowers the freezing point of water, allowing it to remain liquid at temperatures lower than that of non-salty water. For example, pure water freezes at 0 °C/32 °F, but ocean saltwater freezes around −2 °C/28.4 °F. While the de-icing salts you get at the hardware store lower the freezing point by a few degrees, more exotic salts can lower the freezing point as much as −70 °C/−89 °F! Phoenix discovered some of these exotic salts in the soil around the lander—in particular, magnesium perchlorate. (note, minor editorial changes have been made)
Question: Which "exotic salt" can lower water's freezing point by −70 °C?
Is it in fact magnesium perchlorate (which was found on Mars) or is it a different salt?
Blobs of possible brine (really salty water) imaged on one of Phoenix’s landing struts shortly after arriving on Mars. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona/Max Planck Institute
inorganic-chemistry aqueous-solution phase
inorganic-chemistry aqueous-solution phase
edited 12 mins ago
andselisk
20.4k669133
asked 2 hours ago
uhohuhoh
2,1211246
edited 12 mins ago
andselisk
20.4k669133
asked 2 hours ago
uhohuhoh
2,1211246
edited 12 mins ago
andselisk
20.4k669133
edited 12 mins ago
andselisk
20.4k669133
edited 12 mins ago
andselisk
20.4k669133
20.4k669133
asked 2 hours ago
uhohuhoh
2,1211246
asked 2 hours ago
uhohuhoh
2,1211246
asked 2 hours ago
uhohuhoh
2,1211246
2,1211246
2
$begingroup$
You know why freezing point of water is decreased by using salt? It is because of relative lowering in vapour pressure which depends on number of particles present in solution, it doesn't matter whatever sizes are or whatever the salt is, the necessary conditions are that the substance you are mixing must be non volatile and it must be a solution. So basically the more salt you mix the lower the freezing point is but there is a limit on how much you can mix salt in water. And freezing point is decreased by a few degrees only. -70° is like a dream. the text you are reading might be wrong.
$endgroup$
– Saurav Singh
1 hour ago
$begingroup$
Also -70 C seems awful cold for a super cooled liquid.
$endgroup$
– MaxW
1 hour ago
2
$begingroup$
@SauravSingh, vapor pressure has nothing to do with freezing point, though it does affect the boiling point.
$endgroup$
– DrMoishe Pippik
46 mins ago
$begingroup$
@DrMoishePippik as an aside, vapor pressure may have a role in the appearance of the droplets nonetheless. Assuming this is indeed water, it may have been the heat of the spacecraft that drove water vapor out of the Martian soil, allowing some of it to "deliquesce" on the salt-encrusted leg of the spacecraft.
$endgroup$
– uhoh
40 mins ago
$begingroup$
@andselisk Thanks, but is it proper to alter block quotes from external sources without indicating that the quote is no longer accurate?
$endgroup$
– uhoh
29 mins ago
|
show 4 more comments
2
$begingroup$
You know why freezing point of water is decreased by using salt? It is because of relative lowering in vapour pressure which depends on number of particles present in solution, it doesn't matter whatever sizes are or whatever the salt is, the necessary conditions are that the substance you are mixing must be non volatile and it must be a solution. So basically the more salt you mix the lower the freezing point is but there is a limit on how much you can mix salt in water. And freezing point is decreased by a few degrees only. -70° is like a dream. the text you are reading might be wrong.
$endgroup$
– Saurav Singh
1 hour ago
$begingroup$
Also -70 C seems awful cold for a super cooled liquid.
$endgroup$
– MaxW
1 hour ago
2
$begingroup$
@SauravSingh, vapor pressure has nothing to do with freezing point, though it does affect the boiling point.
$endgroup$
– DrMoishe Pippik
46 mins ago
$begingroup$
@DrMoishePippik as an aside, vapor pressure may have a role in the appearance of the droplets nonetheless. Assuming this is indeed water, it may have been the heat of the spacecraft that drove water vapor out of the Martian soil, allowing some of it to "deliquesce" on the salt-encrusted leg of the spacecraft.
$endgroup$
– uhoh
40 mins ago
$begingroup$
@andselisk Thanks, but is it proper to alter block quotes from external sources without indicating that the quote is no longer accurate?
$endgroup$
– uhoh
29 mins ago
2
2
$begingroup$
You know why freezing point of water is decreased by using salt? It is because of relative lowering in vapour pressure which depends on number of particles present in solution, it doesn't matter whatever sizes are or whatever the salt is, the necessary conditions are that the substance you are mixing must be non volatile and it must be a solution. So basically the more salt you mix the lower the freezing point is but there is a limit on how much you can mix salt in water. And freezing point is decreased by a few degrees only. -70° is like a dream. the text you are reading might be wrong.
$endgroup$
– Saurav Singh
1 hour ago
$begingroup$
You know why freezing point of water is decreased by using salt? It is because of relative lowering in vapour pressure which depends on number of particles present in solution, it doesn't matter whatever sizes are or whatever the salt is, the necessary conditions are that the substance you are mixing must be non volatile and it must be a solution. So basically the more salt you mix the lower the freezing point is but there is a limit on how much you can mix salt in water. And freezing point is decreased by a few degrees only. -70° is like a dream. the text you are reading might be wrong.
$endgroup$
– Saurav Singh
1 hour ago
$begingroup$
Also -70 C seems awful cold for a super cooled liquid.
$endgroup$
– MaxW
1 hour ago
$begingroup$
Also -70 C seems awful cold for a super cooled liquid.
$endgroup$
– MaxW
1 hour ago
2
2
$begingroup$
@SauravSingh, vapor pressure has nothing to do with freezing point, though it does affect the boiling point.
$endgroup$
– DrMoishe Pippik
46 mins ago
$begingroup$
@SauravSingh, vapor pressure has nothing to do with freezing point, though it does affect the boiling point.
$endgroup$
– DrMoishe Pippik
46 mins ago
$begingroup$
@DrMoishePippik as an aside, vapor pressure may have a role in the appearance of the droplets nonetheless. Assuming this is indeed water, it may have been the heat of the spacecraft that drove water vapor out of the Martian soil, allowing some of it to "deliquesce" on the salt-encrusted leg of the spacecraft.
$endgroup$
– uhoh
40 mins ago
$begingroup$
@DrMoishePippik as an aside, vapor pressure may have a role in the appearance of the droplets nonetheless. Assuming this is indeed water, it may have been the heat of the spacecraft that drove water vapor out of the Martian soil, allowing some of it to "deliquesce" on the salt-encrusted leg of the spacecraft.
$endgroup$
– uhoh
40 mins ago
$begingroup$
@andselisk Thanks, but is it proper to alter block quotes from external sources without indicating that the quote is no longer accurate?
$endgroup$
– uhoh
29 mins ago
$begingroup$
@andselisk Thanks, but is it proper to alter block quotes from external sources without indicating that the quote is no longer accurate?
$endgroup$
– uhoh
29 mins ago
|
show 4 more comments
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
I recently got a chance to attend a talk by someone who was working on analytical instrumentation for ion analysis on Mars. The interesting story is that the initial results by ion-selective electrode was that Mars soil is full of nitrates. Nobody knew on Earth that the nitrate ion selective electrode is far more responsive to perchlorate than nitrate. After learning this, it was an eye opener for analytical chemists! Now they wish to use chromatography rather than electrochemistry. So this was a good lesson for us on Earth.
Now that they know it is a perchlorate ion, people did some studies on supercooled brines. See this paper: The formation of supercooled brines, viscous liquids, and low-temperature perchlorate glasses in aqueous solutions relevant to Mars J.D. Toner, D.C. Catling, and B. Light, Icarus, 233, 1 May 2014, pp 36-47 (also available here). They clearly show that if calcium or magnesium perchlorates are slowly cooled, one can get supercooled brines up to -120 Celcius. This is a rather amazing finding. They call it a glassy state.
edited 35 mins ago
uhoh
2,1211246
answered 39 mins ago
M. FarooqM. Farooq
2,370113
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
"Nobody knew on Earth" (!!) Let's add this to the list of "Reasons to go to Mars" ;-)
$endgroup$
– uhoh
38 mins ago
1
$begingroup$
Yes it was a surprising finding because everyone used nitrate selective electrodes without ever realizing that it also responds to perchlorate far more effectively.
$endgroup$
– M. Farooq
36 mins ago
add a comment |
Your Answer
StackExchange.ready(function() {
var channelOptions = {
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "431"
};
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);
StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
createEditor();
});
}
else {
createEditor();
}
});
function createEditor() {
StackExchange.prepareEditor({
heartbeatType: 'answer',
autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
convertImagesToLinks: false,
noModals: true,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: null,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
imageUploader: {
brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
allowUrls: true
},
onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
});
}
});
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fchemistry.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f114837%2fwhich-exotic-salt-can-lower-waters-freezing-point-by-70-c%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
I recently got a chance to attend a talk by someone who was working on analytical instrumentation for ion analysis on Mars. The interesting story is that the initial results by ion-selective electrode was that Mars soil is full of nitrates. Nobody knew on Earth that the nitrate ion selective electrode is far more responsive to perchlorate than nitrate. After learning this, it was an eye opener for analytical chemists! Now they wish to use chromatography rather than electrochemistry. So this was a good lesson for us on Earth.
Now that they know it is a perchlorate ion, people did some studies on supercooled brines. See this paper: The formation of supercooled brines, viscous liquids, and low-temperature perchlorate glasses in aqueous solutions relevant to Mars J.D. Toner, D.C. Catling, and B. Light, Icarus, 233, 1 May 2014, pp 36-47 (also available here). They clearly show that if calcium or magnesium perchlorates are slowly cooled, one can get supercooled brines up to -120 Celcius. This is a rather amazing finding. They call it a glassy state.
edited 35 mins ago
uhoh
2,1211246
answered 39 mins ago
M. FarooqM. Farooq
2,370113
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
"Nobody knew on Earth" (!!) Let's add this to the list of "Reasons to go to Mars" ;-)
$endgroup$
– uhoh
38 mins ago
1
$begingroup$
Yes it was a surprising finding because everyone used nitrate selective electrodes without ever realizing that it also responds to perchlorate far more effectively.
$endgroup$
– M. Farooq
36 mins ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I recently got a chance to attend a talk by someone who was working on analytical instrumentation for ion analysis on Mars. The interesting story is that the initial results by ion-selective electrode was that Mars soil is full of nitrates. Nobody knew on Earth that the nitrate ion selective electrode is far more responsive to perchlorate than nitrate. After learning this, it was an eye opener for analytical chemists! Now they wish to use chromatography rather than electrochemistry. So this was a good lesson for us on Earth.
Now that they know it is a perchlorate ion, people did some studies on supercooled brines. See this paper: The formation of supercooled brines, viscous liquids, and low-temperature perchlorate glasses in aqueous solutions relevant to Mars J.D. Toner, D.C. Catling, and B. Light, Icarus, 233, 1 May 2014, pp 36-47 (also available here). They clearly show that if calcium or magnesium perchlorates are slowly cooled, one can get supercooled brines up to -120 Celcius. This is a rather amazing finding. They call it a glassy state.
edited 35 mins ago
uhoh
2,1211246
answered 39 mins ago
M. FarooqM. Farooq
2,370113
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
"Nobody knew on Earth" (!!) Let's add this to the list of "Reasons to go to Mars" ;-)
$endgroup$
– uhoh
38 mins ago
1
$begingroup$
Yes it was a surprising finding because everyone used nitrate selective electrodes without ever realizing that it also responds to perchlorate far more effectively.
$endgroup$
– M. Farooq
36 mins ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I recently got a chance to attend a talk by someone who was working on analytical instrumentation for ion analysis on Mars. The interesting story is that the initial results by ion-selective electrode was that Mars soil is full of nitrates. Nobody knew on Earth that the nitrate ion selective electrode is far more responsive to perchlorate than nitrate. After learning this, it was an eye opener for analytical chemists! Now they wish to use chromatography rather than electrochemistry. So this was a good lesson for us on Earth.
Now that they know it is a perchlorate ion, people did some studies on supercooled brines. See this paper: The formation of supercooled brines, viscous liquids, and low-temperature perchlorate glasses in aqueous solutions relevant to Mars J.D. Toner, D.C. Catling, and B. Light, Icarus, 233, 1 May 2014, pp 36-47 (also available here). They clearly show that if calcium or magnesium perchlorates are slowly cooled, one can get supercooled brines up to -120 Celcius. This is a rather amazing finding. They call it a glassy state.
edited 35 mins ago
uhoh
2,1211246
answered 39 mins ago
M. FarooqM. Farooq
2,370113
$endgroup$
I recently got a chance to attend a talk by someone who was working on analytical instrumentation for ion analysis on Mars. The interesting story is that the initial results by ion-selective electrode was that Mars soil is full of nitrates. Nobody knew on Earth that the nitrate ion selective electrode is far more responsive to perchlorate than nitrate. After learning this, it was an eye opener for analytical chemists! Now they wish to use chromatography rather than electrochemistry. So this was a good lesson for us on Earth.
Now that they know it is a perchlorate ion, people did some studies on supercooled brines. See this paper: The formation of supercooled brines, viscous liquids, and low-temperature perchlorate glasses in aqueous solutions relevant to Mars J.D. Toner, D.C. Catling, and B. Light, Icarus, 233, 1 May 2014, pp 36-47 (also available here). They clearly show that if calcium or magnesium perchlorates are slowly cooled, one can get supercooled brines up to -120 Celcius. This is a rather amazing finding. They call it a glassy state.
edited 35 mins ago
uhoh
2,1211246
answered 39 mins ago
M. FarooqM. Farooq
2,370113
edited 35 mins ago
uhoh
2,1211246
edited 35 mins ago
uhoh
2,1211246
edited 35 mins ago
uhoh
2,1211246
2,1211246
answered 39 mins ago
M. FarooqM. Farooq
2,370113
answered 39 mins ago
M. FarooqM. Farooq
2,370113
answered 39 mins ago
M. FarooqM. Farooq
2,370113
2,370113
$begingroup$
"Nobody knew on Earth" (!!) Let's add this to the list of "Reasons to go to Mars" ;-)
$endgroup$
– uhoh
38 mins ago
1
$begingroup$
Yes it was a surprising finding because everyone used nitrate selective electrodes without ever realizing that it also responds to perchlorate far more effectively.
$endgroup$
– M. Farooq
36 mins ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
"Nobody knew on Earth" (!!) Let's add this to the list of "Reasons to go to Mars" ;-)
$endgroup$
– uhoh
38 mins ago
1
$begingroup$
Yes it was a surprising finding because everyone used nitrate selective electrodes without ever realizing that it also responds to perchlorate far more effectively.
$endgroup$
– M. Farooq
36 mins ago
$begingroup$
"Nobody knew on Earth" (!!) Let's add this to the list of "Reasons to go to Mars" ;-)
$endgroup$
– uhoh
38 mins ago
$begingroup$
"Nobody knew on Earth" (!!) Let's add this to the list of "Reasons to go to Mars" ;-)
$endgroup$
– uhoh
38 mins ago
1
1
$begingroup$
Yes it was a surprising finding because everyone used nitrate selective electrodes without ever realizing that it also responds to perchlorate far more effectively.
$endgroup$
– M. Farooq
36 mins ago
$begingroup$
Yes it was a surprising finding because everyone used nitrate selective electrodes without ever realizing that it also responds to perchlorate far more effectively.
$endgroup$
– M. Farooq
36 mins ago
add a comment |
Thanks for contributing an answer to Chemistry Stack Exchange!
- Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!
But avoid …
- Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.
- Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.
Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.
To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fchemistry.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f114837%2fwhich-exotic-salt-can-lower-waters-freezing-point-by-70-c%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
2
$begingroup$
You know why freezing point of water is decreased by using salt? It is because of relative lowering in vapour pressure which depends on number of particles present in solution, it doesn't matter whatever sizes are or whatever the salt is, the necessary conditions are that the substance you are mixing must be non volatile and it must be a solution. So basically the more salt you mix the lower the freezing point is but there is a limit on how much you can mix salt in water. And freezing point is decreased by a few degrees only. -70° is like a dream. the text you are reading might be wrong.
$endgroup$
– Saurav Singh
1 hour ago
$begingroup$
Also -70 C seems awful cold for a super cooled liquid.
$endgroup$
– MaxW
1 hour ago
2
$begingroup$
@SauravSingh, vapor pressure has nothing to do with freezing point, though it does affect the boiling point.
$endgroup$
– DrMoishe Pippik
46 mins ago
$begingroup$
@DrMoishePippik as an aside, vapor pressure may have a role in the appearance of the droplets nonetheless. Assuming this is indeed water, it may have been the heat of the spacecraft that drove water vapor out of the Martian soil, allowing some of it to "deliquesce" on the salt-encrusted leg of the spacecraft.
$endgroup$
– uhoh
40 mins ago
$begingroup$
@andselisk Thanks, but is it proper to alter block quotes from external sources without indicating that the quote is no longer accurate?
$endgroup$
– uhoh
29 mins ago