Examples of topos that are not ordinary spacesAre all coproducts of 1 in a topos distinct ?In which...



Examples of topos that are not ordinary spaces


Are all coproducts of 1 in a topos distinct ?In which situations can one see that topological spaces are ill-behaved from the homotopical viewpoint?Example of a topos that violates countable choiceIs there a category of topological-like spaces that forms a topos?Are there non-categorical notions in topos theory?(Co)complete topoi that are not Grothendieck?Examples of $(infty,1)$-topoi that are not given as sheaves on a Grothendieck topologyAre semisimplicial hypercoverings in a hypercomplete $infty$-topos effective?













7












$begingroup$


In [SGA6] we find:




Mais nous lui conseillons néanmoins, de préférence, de s'assimiler le langage des topos, qui fournit un principe d'unification extrêmement commode.




Lets motivate this advice following some examples of topos that are not “ordinary” spaces:




Comme autres exemples remarquables de topos qui ne sont pas des espaces ordinaires, et pour lesquels il ne semble pas y avoir non plus de substitut satisfaisant en termes des notions "admises", je signalerai : les topos quotients d’un espace topologique par une relation d’équivalence locale (par exemple des feuilletages de variétés, auquel cas le topos quotient est même une "multiplicité" i.e. est localement une variété) ; les topos "classifiants" pour à peu près n’importe quelle espèce de structure mathématique (tout au moins celles "s’exprimant en termes de limites projectives finies et de limites inductives quelconques"). Quand on prend une structure de "variété" (topologique, différentiable, analytique réelle ou complexe, de Nash, etc. . . ou même schématique lisse sur une base donnée) on trouve dans chaque cas un topos particulièrement alléchant, qui mérite le nom de "variété universelle" (de l’espèce envisagée). Ses invariants homotopiques (et notamment sa cohomologie, qui mérite le nom de "cohomologie classifiante" pour l’espèce de variété envisagée) devraient être étudiés et connus depuis longtemps, mais pour le moment ça n’en prend nullement le chemin...
[ReS]







What are some other examples of topoi that are not “ordinary” spaces?








[ReS] Récoltes et Semailles, A Grothendieck



[SGA6] SGA6 Théorie des intersections et théorème de Riemann-Roch, 1966–1967. Séminaire de Géométrie Algébrique du Bois Marie










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  • $begingroup$
    Could you make your references more readable? See here how to improve citations: meta.mathoverflow.net/questions/1485/…
    $endgroup$
    – András Bátkai
    yesterday










  • $begingroup$
    @AndrásBátkai I think anyone familiar with algebraic geometry (or at least Grothendieck's version of it) would know what these two references are and where to look for them...
    $endgroup$
    – Najib Idrissi
    yesterday








  • 3




    $begingroup$
    @NajibIdrissi: and why does it justify that OP does not format the citations correctly?
    $endgroup$
    – András Bátkai
    yesterday






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    I find this question poorly motivated. If you just want to know more about various kinds of toposes, there are many standard resources out there. Did you consult the nLab page on "topos", for instance?
    $endgroup$
    – Andrej Bauer
    yesterday










  • $begingroup$
    Which toposes are not ordinary spaces? Almost all of them. More or less, the ones which "are spaces" are called localic toposes; they do play an important role however (see for example An Extension of the Galois Theory of Grothendieck, which goes into the details of Dmitri's answer).
    $endgroup$
    – Todd Trimble
    yesterday


















7












$begingroup$


In [SGA6] we find:




Mais nous lui conseillons néanmoins, de préférence, de s'assimiler le langage des topos, qui fournit un principe d'unification extrêmement commode.




Lets motivate this advice following some examples of topos that are not “ordinary” spaces:




Comme autres exemples remarquables de topos qui ne sont pas des espaces ordinaires, et pour lesquels il ne semble pas y avoir non plus de substitut satisfaisant en termes des notions "admises", je signalerai : les topos quotients d’un espace topologique par une relation d’équivalence locale (par exemple des feuilletages de variétés, auquel cas le topos quotient est même une "multiplicité" i.e. est localement une variété) ; les topos "classifiants" pour à peu près n’importe quelle espèce de structure mathématique (tout au moins celles "s’exprimant en termes de limites projectives finies et de limites inductives quelconques"). Quand on prend une structure de "variété" (topologique, différentiable, analytique réelle ou complexe, de Nash, etc. . . ou même schématique lisse sur une base donnée) on trouve dans chaque cas un topos particulièrement alléchant, qui mérite le nom de "variété universelle" (de l’espèce envisagée). Ses invariants homotopiques (et notamment sa cohomologie, qui mérite le nom de "cohomologie classifiante" pour l’espèce de variété envisagée) devraient être étudiés et connus depuis longtemps, mais pour le moment ça n’en prend nullement le chemin...
[ReS]







What are some other examples of topoi that are not “ordinary” spaces?








[ReS] Récoltes et Semailles, A Grothendieck



[SGA6] SGA6 Théorie des intersections et théorème de Riemann-Roch, 1966–1967. Séminaire de Géométrie Algébrique du Bois Marie










share|cite|improve this question









New contributor



M Carmona is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.






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  • $begingroup$
    Could you make your references more readable? See here how to improve citations: meta.mathoverflow.net/questions/1485/…
    $endgroup$
    – András Bátkai
    yesterday










  • $begingroup$
    @AndrásBátkai I think anyone familiar with algebraic geometry (or at least Grothendieck's version of it) would know what these two references are and where to look for them...
    $endgroup$
    – Najib Idrissi
    yesterday








  • 3




    $begingroup$
    @NajibIdrissi: and why does it justify that OP does not format the citations correctly?
    $endgroup$
    – András Bátkai
    yesterday






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    I find this question poorly motivated. If you just want to know more about various kinds of toposes, there are many standard resources out there. Did you consult the nLab page on "topos", for instance?
    $endgroup$
    – Andrej Bauer
    yesterday










  • $begingroup$
    Which toposes are not ordinary spaces? Almost all of them. More or less, the ones which "are spaces" are called localic toposes; they do play an important role however (see for example An Extension of the Galois Theory of Grothendieck, which goes into the details of Dmitri's answer).
    $endgroup$
    – Todd Trimble
    yesterday
















7












7








7


3



$begingroup$


In [SGA6] we find:




Mais nous lui conseillons néanmoins, de préférence, de s'assimiler le langage des topos, qui fournit un principe d'unification extrêmement commode.




Lets motivate this advice following some examples of topos that are not “ordinary” spaces:




Comme autres exemples remarquables de topos qui ne sont pas des espaces ordinaires, et pour lesquels il ne semble pas y avoir non plus de substitut satisfaisant en termes des notions "admises", je signalerai : les topos quotients d’un espace topologique par une relation d’équivalence locale (par exemple des feuilletages de variétés, auquel cas le topos quotient est même une "multiplicité" i.e. est localement une variété) ; les topos "classifiants" pour à peu près n’importe quelle espèce de structure mathématique (tout au moins celles "s’exprimant en termes de limites projectives finies et de limites inductives quelconques"). Quand on prend une structure de "variété" (topologique, différentiable, analytique réelle ou complexe, de Nash, etc. . . ou même schématique lisse sur une base donnée) on trouve dans chaque cas un topos particulièrement alléchant, qui mérite le nom de "variété universelle" (de l’espèce envisagée). Ses invariants homotopiques (et notamment sa cohomologie, qui mérite le nom de "cohomologie classifiante" pour l’espèce de variété envisagée) devraient être étudiés et connus depuis longtemps, mais pour le moment ça n’en prend nullement le chemin...
[ReS]







What are some other examples of topoi that are not “ordinary” spaces?








[ReS] Récoltes et Semailles, A Grothendieck



[SGA6] SGA6 Théorie des intersections et théorème de Riemann-Roch, 1966–1967. Séminaire de Géométrie Algébrique du Bois Marie










share|cite|improve this question









New contributor



M Carmona is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.






$endgroup$




In [SGA6] we find:




Mais nous lui conseillons néanmoins, de préférence, de s'assimiler le langage des topos, qui fournit un principe d'unification extrêmement commode.




Lets motivate this advice following some examples of topos that are not “ordinary” spaces:




Comme autres exemples remarquables de topos qui ne sont pas des espaces ordinaires, et pour lesquels il ne semble pas y avoir non plus de substitut satisfaisant en termes des notions "admises", je signalerai : les topos quotients d’un espace topologique par une relation d’équivalence locale (par exemple des feuilletages de variétés, auquel cas le topos quotient est même une "multiplicité" i.e. est localement une variété) ; les topos "classifiants" pour à peu près n’importe quelle espèce de structure mathématique (tout au moins celles "s’exprimant en termes de limites projectives finies et de limites inductives quelconques"). Quand on prend une structure de "variété" (topologique, différentiable, analytique réelle ou complexe, de Nash, etc. . . ou même schématique lisse sur une base donnée) on trouve dans chaque cas un topos particulièrement alléchant, qui mérite le nom de "variété universelle" (de l’espèce envisagée). Ses invariants homotopiques (et notamment sa cohomologie, qui mérite le nom de "cohomologie classifiante" pour l’espèce de variété envisagée) devraient être étudiés et connus depuis longtemps, mais pour le moment ça n’en prend nullement le chemin...
[ReS]







What are some other examples of topoi that are not “ordinary” spaces?








[ReS] Récoltes et Semailles, A Grothendieck



[SGA6] SGA6 Théorie des intersections et théorème de Riemann-Roch, 1966–1967. Séminaire de Géométrie Algébrique du Bois Marie







at.algebraic-topology ct.category-theory homological-algebra topos-theory infinity-topos-theory






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New contributor



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edited yesterday







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  • $begingroup$
    Could you make your references more readable? See here how to improve citations: meta.mathoverflow.net/questions/1485/…
    $endgroup$
    – András Bátkai
    yesterday










  • $begingroup$
    @AndrásBátkai I think anyone familiar with algebraic geometry (or at least Grothendieck's version of it) would know what these two references are and where to look for them...
    $endgroup$
    – Najib Idrissi
    yesterday








  • 3




    $begingroup$
    @NajibIdrissi: and why does it justify that OP does not format the citations correctly?
    $endgroup$
    – András Bátkai
    yesterday






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    I find this question poorly motivated. If you just want to know more about various kinds of toposes, there are many standard resources out there. Did you consult the nLab page on "topos", for instance?
    $endgroup$
    – Andrej Bauer
    yesterday










  • $begingroup$
    Which toposes are not ordinary spaces? Almost all of them. More or less, the ones which "are spaces" are called localic toposes; they do play an important role however (see for example An Extension of the Galois Theory of Grothendieck, which goes into the details of Dmitri's answer).
    $endgroup$
    – Todd Trimble
    yesterday




















  • $begingroup$
    Could you make your references more readable? See here how to improve citations: meta.mathoverflow.net/questions/1485/…
    $endgroup$
    – András Bátkai
    yesterday










  • $begingroup$
    @AndrásBátkai I think anyone familiar with algebraic geometry (or at least Grothendieck's version of it) would know what these two references are and where to look for them...
    $endgroup$
    – Najib Idrissi
    yesterday








  • 3




    $begingroup$
    @NajibIdrissi: and why does it justify that OP does not format the citations correctly?
    $endgroup$
    – András Bátkai
    yesterday






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    I find this question poorly motivated. If you just want to know more about various kinds of toposes, there are many standard resources out there. Did you consult the nLab page on "topos", for instance?
    $endgroup$
    – Andrej Bauer
    yesterday










  • $begingroup$
    Which toposes are not ordinary spaces? Almost all of them. More or less, the ones which "are spaces" are called localic toposes; they do play an important role however (see for example An Extension of the Galois Theory of Grothendieck, which goes into the details of Dmitri's answer).
    $endgroup$
    – Todd Trimble
    yesterday


















$begingroup$
Could you make your references more readable? See here how to improve citations: meta.mathoverflow.net/questions/1485/…
$endgroup$
– András Bátkai
yesterday




$begingroup$
Could you make your references more readable? See here how to improve citations: meta.mathoverflow.net/questions/1485/…
$endgroup$
– András Bátkai
yesterday












$begingroup$
@AndrásBátkai I think anyone familiar with algebraic geometry (or at least Grothendieck's version of it) would know what these two references are and where to look for them...
$endgroup$
– Najib Idrissi
yesterday






$begingroup$
@AndrásBátkai I think anyone familiar with algebraic geometry (or at least Grothendieck's version of it) would know what these two references are and where to look for them...
$endgroup$
– Najib Idrissi
yesterday






3




3




$begingroup$
@NajibIdrissi: and why does it justify that OP does not format the citations correctly?
$endgroup$
– András Bátkai
yesterday




$begingroup$
@NajibIdrissi: and why does it justify that OP does not format the citations correctly?
$endgroup$
– András Bátkai
yesterday




1




1




$begingroup$
I find this question poorly motivated. If you just want to know more about various kinds of toposes, there are many standard resources out there. Did you consult the nLab page on "topos", for instance?
$endgroup$
– Andrej Bauer
yesterday




$begingroup$
I find this question poorly motivated. If you just want to know more about various kinds of toposes, there are many standard resources out there. Did you consult the nLab page on "topos", for instance?
$endgroup$
– Andrej Bauer
yesterday












$begingroup$
Which toposes are not ordinary spaces? Almost all of them. More or less, the ones which "are spaces" are called localic toposes; they do play an important role however (see for example An Extension of the Galois Theory of Grothendieck, which goes into the details of Dmitri's answer).
$endgroup$
– Todd Trimble
yesterday






$begingroup$
Which toposes are not ordinary spaces? Almost all of them. More or less, the ones which "are spaces" are called localic toposes; they do play an important role however (see for example An Extension of the Galois Theory of Grothendieck, which goes into the details of Dmitri's answer).
$endgroup$
– Todd Trimble
yesterday












1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















9













$begingroup$

The bicategory of Grothendieck toposes is equivalent to the bicategory
of localic groupoids, with appropriately defined 1-morphisms and 2-morphisms.



"Ordinary spaces" are topological spaces, or, perhaps, locales.
There is a forgetful functor from the category of locales
to the above bicategory of localic groupoids
that sends a locale L to the groupoid that has L as its space of objects and morphisms and identity maps as structure maps.



Thus, any localic groupoid that is not equivalent to a locale
gives rise to such a topos.



For instance, one can take a localic group G (e.g., a locally compact Hausdorff topological group) and consider the delooping groupoid BG.
The topos of sheaves of sets over BG is an example of a topos that does not
come from an ordinary space.



Foliation groupoids and quotient groupoids of nonfree actions
of groups on spaces provide additional examples.






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    active

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    active

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    votes









    9













    $begingroup$

    The bicategory of Grothendieck toposes is equivalent to the bicategory
    of localic groupoids, with appropriately defined 1-morphisms and 2-morphisms.



    "Ordinary spaces" are topological spaces, or, perhaps, locales.
    There is a forgetful functor from the category of locales
    to the above bicategory of localic groupoids
    that sends a locale L to the groupoid that has L as its space of objects and morphisms and identity maps as structure maps.



    Thus, any localic groupoid that is not equivalent to a locale
    gives rise to such a topos.



    For instance, one can take a localic group G (e.g., a locally compact Hausdorff topological group) and consider the delooping groupoid BG.
    The topos of sheaves of sets over BG is an example of a topos that does not
    come from an ordinary space.



    Foliation groupoids and quotient groupoids of nonfree actions
    of groups on spaces provide additional examples.






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$




















      9













      $begingroup$

      The bicategory of Grothendieck toposes is equivalent to the bicategory
      of localic groupoids, with appropriately defined 1-morphisms and 2-morphisms.



      "Ordinary spaces" are topological spaces, or, perhaps, locales.
      There is a forgetful functor from the category of locales
      to the above bicategory of localic groupoids
      that sends a locale L to the groupoid that has L as its space of objects and morphisms and identity maps as structure maps.



      Thus, any localic groupoid that is not equivalent to a locale
      gives rise to such a topos.



      For instance, one can take a localic group G (e.g., a locally compact Hausdorff topological group) and consider the delooping groupoid BG.
      The topos of sheaves of sets over BG is an example of a topos that does not
      come from an ordinary space.



      Foliation groupoids and quotient groupoids of nonfree actions
      of groups on spaces provide additional examples.






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$


















        9














        9










        9







        $begingroup$

        The bicategory of Grothendieck toposes is equivalent to the bicategory
        of localic groupoids, with appropriately defined 1-morphisms and 2-morphisms.



        "Ordinary spaces" are topological spaces, or, perhaps, locales.
        There is a forgetful functor from the category of locales
        to the above bicategory of localic groupoids
        that sends a locale L to the groupoid that has L as its space of objects and morphisms and identity maps as structure maps.



        Thus, any localic groupoid that is not equivalent to a locale
        gives rise to such a topos.



        For instance, one can take a localic group G (e.g., a locally compact Hausdorff topological group) and consider the delooping groupoid BG.
        The topos of sheaves of sets over BG is an example of a topos that does not
        come from an ordinary space.



        Foliation groupoids and quotient groupoids of nonfree actions
        of groups on spaces provide additional examples.






        share|cite|improve this answer









        $endgroup$



        The bicategory of Grothendieck toposes is equivalent to the bicategory
        of localic groupoids, with appropriately defined 1-morphisms and 2-morphisms.



        "Ordinary spaces" are topological spaces, or, perhaps, locales.
        There is a forgetful functor from the category of locales
        to the above bicategory of localic groupoids
        that sends a locale L to the groupoid that has L as its space of objects and morphisms and identity maps as structure maps.



        Thus, any localic groupoid that is not equivalent to a locale
        gives rise to such a topos.



        For instance, one can take a localic group G (e.g., a locally compact Hausdorff topological group) and consider the delooping groupoid BG.
        The topos of sheaves of sets over BG is an example of a topos that does not
        come from an ordinary space.



        Foliation groupoids and quotient groupoids of nonfree actions
        of groups on spaces provide additional examples.







        share|cite|improve this answer












        share|cite|improve this answer



        share|cite|improve this answer










        answered yesterday









        Dmitri PavlovDmitri Pavlov

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