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How would you identify when an object in a Lissajous orbit needs station keeping?

Could JWST stay at L2 “forever”?Is this what station keeping maneuvers look like, or just glitches in data? (SOHO via Horizons)Did DSCOVR travel “along the stable manifold of it's future SE L1 Halo orbit” to get there?Why is DSCOVR in a Lissajous orbit? Wouldn't a halo orbit completely avoid the Sun exclusion zone?Is this what station keeping maneuvers look like, or just glitches in data? (SOHO via Horizons)

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Obviously, with the international space station you need to do some station keeping when you're falling into the atmosphere. However, I saw the following image showing the Halo orbit that the Deep Space Climate Observatory is in:

It seems like once it hits its stable exponentially unstable halo orbit, that the speed is between 0.15km/s and 0.05km/s. At what point would there be a red flag? Is there an easily calculable escape velocity for an orbit around a Lagrangian? What would scientists be looking for to alert them that they need to do corrections for such an orbit?

halo-orbit dscovr lissajous-orbit

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edited yesterday

Magic Octopus Urn

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8

$begingroup$

Obviously, with the international space station you need to do some station keeping when you're falling into the atmosphere. However, I saw the following image showing the Halo orbit that the Deep Space Climate Observatory is in:

It seems like once it hits its stable exponentially unstable halo orbit, that the speed is between 0.15km/s and 0.05km/s. At what point would there be a red flag? Is there an easily calculable escape velocity for an orbit around a Lagrangian? What would scientists be looking for to alert them that they need to do corrections for such an orbit?

halo-orbit dscovr lissajous-orbit

share|improve this question

edited yesterday

Magic Octopus Urn

asked yesterday

Magic Octopus UrnMagic Octopus Urn

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$endgroup$

add a comment | 

$begingroup$

Obviously, with the international space station you need to do some station keeping when you're falling into the atmosphere. However, I saw the following image showing the Halo orbit that the Deep Space Climate Observatory is in:

It seems like once it hits its stable exponentially unstable halo orbit, that the speed is between 0.15km/s and 0.05km/s. At what point would there be a red flag? Is there an easily calculable escape velocity for an orbit around a Lagrangian? What would scientists be looking for to alert them that they need to do corrections for such an orbit?

halo-orbit dscovr lissajous-orbit

share|improve this question

edited yesterday

Magic Octopus Urn

asked yesterday

Magic Octopus UrnMagic Octopus Urn

4,43011 gold badge1919 silver badges6161 bronze badges

$endgroup$

share|improve this question

edited yesterday

Magic Octopus Urn

asked yesterday

Magic Octopus UrnMagic Octopus Urn

4,43011 gold badge1919 silver badges6161 bronze badges

share|improve this question

edited yesterday

Magic Octopus Urn

asked yesterday

Magic Octopus UrnMagic Octopus Urn

4,43011 gold badge1919 silver badges6161 bronze badges

asked yesterday

Magic Octopus UrnMagic Octopus Urn

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asked yesterday

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1 Answer
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13

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Halo orbits and their cousins Lissajous orbits (like the one DSCOVR is in) around the Sun-Earth L1 and L2 have periods of about a half-year. They are not generally stable and they want to "unwind" along what's called an unstable manifold.

In this question I link to Roberts 2002, The SOHO Mission L1 Halo Orbit Recovery
From the Attitude Control Anomalies of 1998. Section II describes the station keeping routine for SOHO, which is DSCOVR's neighbor.

They keep SOHO orbiting very slightly towards Earth, a fraction of a kilometer away from its ideal orbit. Over weeks it moves farther from the halo and towards us. The exponential doubling time for the error is about two weeks.

If they did nothing, it would spiral towards the Earth and then go off on a big orbit around the Sun.

But SOHO and DSCOVR and the JWST (in the future) and all of these Halo orbiting spacecraft carry transponders. Earth beams a signal to the satellite and it shift the frequency in a special, coherent way, and turns it around and sends it right back to Earth live.

Earth can measure the speed and distance in this direction, and detect even millimeters per second errors in the velocity, as you can see by reading that section. Earth then calculates the required station-keeping burn and initiates it for the satellite. These are typically delta-v's of centimeters per second, and done every few weeks.

Since the error grows exponentially (these orbits are said to be exponentially unstable) the more frequently you can do this, the less delta-v per year you need. In this answer I mention that the JWST's station-keeping budget is about 2.4 m/sec per year. That's really small!

All of this is possible only because of the precise delay-doppler measurements made using the Deep Space Network dish antennas and a coherent transponder on the spacecraft.

For more about DSOVR's orbit, see:

• Did DSCOVR travel “along the stable manifold of it's future SE L1 Halo orbit” to get there?


• Why is DSCOVR in a Lissajous orbit? Wouldn't a halo orbit completely avoid the Sun exclusion zone?

The second one links to Lissajous Orbit Control for the Deep Space Climate Observatory Sun-Earth L1 Libration Point Mission

share|improve this answer

answered yesterday

uhohuhoh

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$endgroup$

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Usually I don't accept immediately, but this I will. I'll need to reread this when I actually get home and read some of those sources. I want to understand more about how that transponder functions.
  $endgroup$
  – Magic Octopus Urn
  yesterday
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  2
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  @MagicOctopusUrn it's not a simple concept. Thanks but I'd recommend that you un-accept and wait for me to find some appropriate image(s) that show this clearly, and possibly one or two more sources, and until you have a chance to read through. We don't want other users to get the idea that it's okay to accept answers that look and sound good. We should only accept when we are completely satisfied and the post has answered our question to our satisfaction. Accepting quickly can also dis-incentivize other and potentially better answers/
  $endgroup$
  – uhoh
  yesterday
  
  
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

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13

$begingroup$

Halo orbits and their cousins Lissajous orbits (like the one DSCOVR is in) around the Sun-Earth L1 and L2 have periods of about a half-year. They are not generally stable and they want to "unwind" along what's called an unstable manifold.

In this question I link to Roberts 2002, The SOHO Mission L1 Halo Orbit Recovery
From the Attitude Control Anomalies of 1998. Section II describes the station keeping routine for SOHO, which is DSCOVR's neighbor.

They keep SOHO orbiting very slightly towards Earth, a fraction of a kilometer away from its ideal orbit. Over weeks it moves farther from the halo and towards us. The exponential doubling time for the error is about two weeks.

If they did nothing, it would spiral towards the Earth and then go off on a big orbit around the Sun.

But SOHO and DSCOVR and the JWST (in the future) and all of these Halo orbiting spacecraft carry transponders. Earth beams a signal to the satellite and it shift the frequency in a special, coherent way, and turns it around and sends it right back to Earth live.

Earth can measure the speed and distance in this direction, and detect even millimeters per second errors in the velocity, as you can see by reading that section. Earth then calculates the required station-keeping burn and initiates it for the satellite. These are typically delta-v's of centimeters per second, and done every few weeks.

Since the error grows exponentially (these orbits are said to be exponentially unstable) the more frequently you can do this, the less delta-v per year you need. In this answer I mention that the JWST's station-keeping budget is about 2.4 m/sec per year. That's really small!

All of this is possible only because of the precise delay-doppler measurements made using the Deep Space Network dish antennas and a coherent transponder on the spacecraft.

For more about DSOVR's orbit, see:

• Did DSCOVR travel “along the stable manifold of it's future SE L1 Halo orbit” to get there?


• Why is DSCOVR in a Lissajous orbit? Wouldn't a halo orbit completely avoid the Sun exclusion zone?

The second one links to Lissajous Orbit Control for the Deep Space Climate Observatory Sun-Earth L1 Libration Point Mission

share|improve this answer

answered yesterday

uhohuhoh

50.7k2323 gold badges200200 silver badges655655 bronze badges

$endgroup$

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Usually I don't accept immediately, but this I will. I'll need to reread this when I actually get home and read some of those sources. I want to understand more about how that transponder functions.
  $endgroup$
  – Magic Octopus Urn
  yesterday
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  2
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  @MagicOctopusUrn it's not a simple concept. Thanks but I'd recommend that you un-accept and wait for me to find some appropriate image(s) that show this clearly, and possibly one or two more sources, and until you have a chance to read through. We don't want other users to get the idea that it's okay to accept answers that look and sound good. We should only accept when we are completely satisfied and the post has answered our question to our satisfaction. Accepting quickly can also dis-incentivize other and potentially better answers/
  $endgroup$
  – uhoh
  yesterday
  
  
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

13

$begingroup$

Halo orbits and their cousins Lissajous orbits (like the one DSCOVR is in) around the Sun-Earth L1 and L2 have periods of about a half-year. They are not generally stable and they want to "unwind" along what's called an unstable manifold.

In this question I link to Roberts 2002, The SOHO Mission L1 Halo Orbit Recovery
From the Attitude Control Anomalies of 1998. Section II describes the station keeping routine for SOHO, which is DSCOVR's neighbor.

They keep SOHO orbiting very slightly towards Earth, a fraction of a kilometer away from its ideal orbit. Over weeks it moves farther from the halo and towards us. The exponential doubling time for the error is about two weeks.

If they did nothing, it would spiral towards the Earth and then go off on a big orbit around the Sun.

But SOHO and DSCOVR and the JWST (in the future) and all of these Halo orbiting spacecraft carry transponders. Earth beams a signal to the satellite and it shift the frequency in a special, coherent way, and turns it around and sends it right back to Earth live.

Earth can measure the speed and distance in this direction, and detect even millimeters per second errors in the velocity, as you can see by reading that section. Earth then calculates the required station-keeping burn and initiates it for the satellite. These are typically delta-v's of centimeters per second, and done every few weeks.

Since the error grows exponentially (these orbits are said to be exponentially unstable) the more frequently you can do this, the less delta-v per year you need. In this answer I mention that the JWST's station-keeping budget is about 2.4 m/sec per year. That's really small!

All of this is possible only because of the precise delay-doppler measurements made using the Deep Space Network dish antennas and a coherent transponder on the spacecraft.

For more about DSOVR's orbit, see:

• Did DSCOVR travel “along the stable manifold of it's future SE L1 Halo orbit” to get there?


• Why is DSCOVR in a Lissajous orbit? Wouldn't a halo orbit completely avoid the Sun exclusion zone?

The second one links to Lissajous Orbit Control for the Deep Space Climate Observatory Sun-Earth L1 Libration Point Mission

share|improve this answer

answered yesterday

uhohuhoh

50.7k2323 gold badges200200 silver badges655655 bronze badges

$endgroup$

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Usually I don't accept immediately, but this I will. I'll need to reread this when I actually get home and read some of those sources. I want to understand more about how that transponder functions.
  $endgroup$
  – Magic Octopus Urn
  yesterday
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  2
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  @MagicOctopusUrn it's not a simple concept. Thanks but I'd recommend that you un-accept and wait for me to find some appropriate image(s) that show this clearly, and possibly one or two more sources, and until you have a chance to read through. We don't want other users to get the idea that it's okay to accept answers that look and sound good. We should only accept when we are completely satisfied and the post has answered our question to our satisfaction. Accepting quickly can also dis-incentivize other and potentially better answers/
  $endgroup$
  – uhoh
  yesterday
  
  
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

$begingroup$

Halo orbits and their cousins Lissajous orbits (like the one DSCOVR is in) around the Sun-Earth L1 and L2 have periods of about a half-year. They are not generally stable and they want to "unwind" along what's called an unstable manifold.

In this question I link to Roberts 2002, The SOHO Mission L1 Halo Orbit Recovery
From the Attitude Control Anomalies of 1998. Section II describes the station keeping routine for SOHO, which is DSCOVR's neighbor.

They keep SOHO orbiting very slightly towards Earth, a fraction of a kilometer away from its ideal orbit. Over weeks it moves farther from the halo and towards us. The exponential doubling time for the error is about two weeks.

If they did nothing, it would spiral towards the Earth and then go off on a big orbit around the Sun.

But SOHO and DSCOVR and the JWST (in the future) and all of these Halo orbiting spacecraft carry transponders. Earth beams a signal to the satellite and it shift the frequency in a special, coherent way, and turns it around and sends it right back to Earth live.

Earth can measure the speed and distance in this direction, and detect even millimeters per second errors in the velocity, as you can see by reading that section. Earth then calculates the required station-keeping burn and initiates it for the satellite. These are typically delta-v's of centimeters per second, and done every few weeks.

Since the error grows exponentially (these orbits are said to be exponentially unstable) the more frequently you can do this, the less delta-v per year you need. In this answer I mention that the JWST's station-keeping budget is about 2.4 m/sec per year. That's really small!

All of this is possible only because of the precise delay-doppler measurements made using the Deep Space Network dish antennas and a coherent transponder on the spacecraft.

For more about DSOVR's orbit, see:

• Did DSCOVR travel “along the stable manifold of it's future SE L1 Halo orbit” to get there?


• Why is DSCOVR in a Lissajous orbit? Wouldn't a halo orbit completely avoid the Sun exclusion zone?

The second one links to Lissajous Orbit Control for the Deep Space Climate Observatory Sun-Earth L1 Libration Point Mission

share|improve this answer

answered yesterday

uhohuhoh

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$endgroup$

share|improve this answer

answered yesterday

uhohuhoh

50.7k2323 gold badges200200 silver badges655655 bronze badges

answered yesterday

uhohuhoh

50.7k2323 gold badges200200 silver badges655655 bronze badges

answered yesterday

uhohuhoh

50.7k2323 gold badges200200 silver badges655655 bronze badges