Thomas Hobbes

జననం	(1588-04-05) 1588 ఏప్రిల్ 5 Westport near Malmesbury, Wiltshire, England
మరణం	1679 డిసెంబరు 4 (1679-12-04)(వయసు 91) Derbyshire, England
యుగం	17th-century philosophy (Modern Philosophy)
ప్రాంతం	Western Philosophers
తత్వ శాస్త్ర పాఠశాలలు	Social contract, classical realism, empiricism, determinism, materialism, ethical egoism
ప్రధాన అభిరుచులు	Political philosophy, history, ethics, geometry
Alma mater	Magdalen Hall, Oxford
ప్రసిద్ధ ప్రసిద్ధ ఆలోచనలు	Modern founder of the social contract tradition; life in the state of nature is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short"
ప్రభావితులు Aristotle, Thucydides, Tacitus, René Descartes, Grotius, Niccolò Machiavelli, Francis Bacon
ప్రభావితమైనవారు Western political philosophy and sociology

Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury (/hɒbz/; 5 April 1588 – 4 December 1679)ఆంగ్ల రాజనీతి తత్వవేత్తలలో ధామస్ హాబ్స్ అగ్రగణ్యుడు. హాబ్స్ 1651లో రచించిన లెవియథాన్, పాశ్చాత్య రాజనీతి తత్వశాస్త్రానికి పునాది వంటిది. క్రమబద్ద తాత్విక రాజనీతి భావాలను ప్రతిపాదించిన మొదటి ఆంగ్ల రాజనీతివేత్త. హాబ్స్ 1588లో వెస్ట్ పోర్ట్ లోని ఒక సాధారణ మతాధికారికి రెండవ కొడుకుగా జన్మించాడు. హాబ్స్ చిన్నతనంలోనే అతని తండ్రి భార్యను పిల్లలను వదిలివేసాడు. 15వ యేట ఆక్స్ ఫర్డ్ లోని మెగాలెన్ కళాశాలలో ప్రవేశించి 1608లో పట్టభద్రుడైనాడు. ఐతే విశ్వవిద్యాలయంలో నేర్చుకున్న విద్య హాబ్స్ కు ఏమాత్రం సంతృప్తినివ్వలేదు. కాగా నిరుపయోగమైనదిగా, నిస్సారమైనదిగా భావించాడు. హాబ్స్ తన సమయాన్ని ఎక్కువగా గ్రంధాలయాల్లో, పుస్తకాల దుకాణాలలో గడిపేవాడు.

Bibliography

Bibliographic resources

• MacDonald, Hugh & Hargreaves, Mary. Thomas Hobbes, a Bibliography, London: The Bibliographical Society, 1952.


• Hinnant, Charles H. (1980). Thomas Hobbes: A Reference Guide, Boston: G. K. Hall & Co.


• Sacksteder, William (1982). Hobbes Studies (1879–1979): A Bibliography, Bowling Green: Philosophy Documentation Center.


• Garcia, Alfred (1986). Thomas Hobbes: bibliographie internationale de 1620 à 1986 Caen: Centre de Philosophie politique et juridique Université de Caen.

Works by Hobbes

Complete editions

• 
  Thomae Hobbes Malmesburiensis Opera Philosophica quae Latina Scripsit, Studio et labore Gulielmi Molesworth, (Londini, 1839–1845). 5 volumes. Reprint: Aalen, 1966 (= OL).

• 
  Volume I. Elementorum Philosophiae I: De Corpore
  


• 
  Volume II. Elementorum Philosophiae II and III: De Homine and De Cive
  


• 
  Volume III. Latin version of Leviathan.


• 
  Volume IV. Various concerning mathematics, geometry and physics.


• 
  Volume V. Various short works.

• 
  The English Works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury; Now First Collected and Edited by Sir William Molesworth, Bart., (London: Bohn, 1839–45). 11 volumes. Reprint London, 1939-–; reprint: Aalen, 1966 (= EW).

• 
  Volume 1. De Corpore translated from Latin to English.


• 
  Volume 2. De Cive.


• 
  Volume 3. The Leviathan
  


• 
  Volume 4.

• TRIPOS ; in Three Discourses:

• I. Human Nature, or the Fundamental Elements of Policy


• II. De Corpore Politico, or the Elements of Law


• III. Of Liberty and Necessity

• An Answer to Bishop Bramhall's Book, called "The Catching of the Leviathan"


• An Historical Narration concerning Heresy, and the Punishment thereof


• Considerations upon the Reputation, Loyalty, Manners, and Religion of Thomas Hobbes


• Answer to Sir William Davenant's Preface before "Gondibert"


• Letter to the Right Honourable Edward Howard

• 
  Volume 5. The Questions concerning Liberty, Necessity and Chance, clearly stated and debated between Dr Bramhall Bishop of Derry and Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury.


• 
  Volume 6.

• A Dialogue Between a Philosopher & a Student of the Common Laws of England


• A Dialogue of the Common Law


• Behemoth: the History of the Causes of the Civil Wars of England, and of the Counsels and Artifices By Which They Were Carried On From the Year 1640 to the Year 1660


• 
  The Whole Art of Rhetoric (Hobbes's translation of his own Latin summary of Aristotle's Rhetoric published in 1637 with the title A Briefe of the Art of Rhetorique)


• 
  The Art of Rhetoric Plainly Set Forth. With Pertinent Examples For the More Easy Understanding and Practice of the Same (this work is not of Hobbes but by Dudley Fenner, The Artes of Logike and Rethorike, 1584)


• The Art of Sophistry

• 
  Volume 7.

• Seven Philosophical Problems


• Decameron Physiologicum


• Proportion of a straight line to half the arc of a quadrant


• Six lessons to the Savilian Professors of the Mathematics


• ΣΤΙΓΜΑΙ, or Marks of the absurd Geometry etc. of Dr Wallis


• Extract of a letter from Henry Stubbe


• Three letters presented to the Royal Society against Dr Wallis


• Considerations on the answer of Dr Wallis


• Letters and other pieces

• Volume 8 and 9. The Peloponnesian War by Thucydides, translated into English by Hobbes.


• 
  Volume 10. The Iliad, and The Odyssey, translated by Hobbes into English


• 
  Volume 11. Index.

Posthumous works not included in the Molesworth editions

• 
  The Elements of Law, Natural and Politics, edited with a preface and critical notes by Ferdinand Tönnies, London, 1889 (first complete edition).


• 
  Short Tract on First Principles, in "The Elements of Law Natural and Politics", Appendix I, pp. 193-210. ^[1] (this work is now attributed to Robert Payne). ^[2]
  


• 
  Tractatus opticus II, (1639, British Library, Harley MS 6796, ff. 193–266) first partial edition in "The Elements of Law Natural and Politics", Appendix II, pp. 211–226; first complete edition (but with the omission of the diagrams) by Franco Alessio, Rivista critica di storia dela filosofia, 18, 1963, pp. 147–228.


• 
  Critique du 'De mundo' de Thomas White, edited by Jean Jacquot and Harold Whitmore Jones, Paris, 1973, with three appendixes:
  
  
  
  • 
    De Motibus Solis, Aetheris & Telluris (pp. 439–447: a Latin poem on the movement of the Earth).
  
  
  • Notes in English on an ancient redaction of some chapters of De Corpore (July 1643; pp. 448–460: MS 5297, National Library of Wales).
  
  
  • Notes for the Logica and Philosophia prima of the De Corpore (pp. 461–513: Chatsworth MS A10 and the notes of Charles Cavendish on a draft of the De Corpore: British Library, Harley MS 6083).
  
  
  
  


• 
  Of the Life and History of Thucydides, in Hobbes's Thucydides, edited by Richard Schlatter, New Brunswick, pp. 10–27, 1975.


• 
  Three Discourses: a Critical Modern Edition of Newly Identified Work of the Young Hobbes (TD), edited by Noel B. Reynolds and Arlene Saxonhouse, Chicago, 1975.
  
  
  
  • 
    A Discourse upon the Beginning of Tacitus, in TD, pp. 31–67.
  
  
  • 
    A Discourse of Rome, in TD, pp. 71–102.
  
  
  • 
    A Discourse of Law, in TD, pp. 105–119.
  
  
  
  


• 
  Thomas Hobbes' A minute or First Draught of the Optiques, (British Library, Harley MS 3360) Critical Edition by Elaine C. Stroud, Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1983.


• 
  Of Passions, Edition of the unpublished manuscript Harley 6093 by Anna Minerbi Belgrado, in: Rivista di storia della filosofia, 43, 1988, pp. 729–738.


• 
  The Correspondence of Thomas Hobbes, edited by Noel Malcolm, Oxford: the Clarendon Edition, vol. 6–7, 1994 (I: 1622–1659; II: 1660–1679).

Translations in modern English

• 
  De Corpore, Part I. Computatio Sive Logica. Edited with an Introductory Essay by L C. Hungerland and G. R. Vick. Translation and Commentary by A. Martinich. New York Abaris Books, 1981.


• 
  Thomas White's De mundo Examined, translation by H. W. Jones, Bradford: Bradford University Press, 1976 (the appendixes of the Latin edition (1973) are not enclosed).

New critical editions of Hobbes' works (in progress)

• 
  Clarendon Edition of the Works of Thomas Hobbes, Oxford: Clarendon Press (10 volumes published of 27 planned).


• 
  Traduction des Œuvres Latines de Hobbes, under the direction of Yves Charles Zarka, Paris: Vrin (5 volumes published of 17 planned).

Critical studies

• Brandt, Frithiof (1928). Thomas Hobbes' Mechanical Conception of Nature, Copenhagen: Levin & Munksgaard.


• Jesseph, Douglas M.(1999), Squaring the Circle. The War Between Hobbes and Wallis, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.


• Leijenhorst, Cees (2002). The Mechanisation of Aristotelianism. The Late Aristotelian Setting of Thomas Hobbes' Natural Philosophy, Leiden: Brill.


• Lemetti, Juhana (2011). Historical Dictionary of Hobbes's Philosophy, Lanham: Scarecrow Press.


• 
  Macpherson, C. B. (1962). The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism: Hobbes to Locke, Oxford: Oxford University Press.


• 
  Malcolm, Noel. (2002). Aspects of Hobbes, New York: Oxford University Press.


• 
  Malcolm, Noel. (2007). Reason of State, Propaganda, and the Thirty Years' War: An Unknown Translation by Thomas Hobbes, New York: Oxford University Press.


• 
  Manent, Pierre. (1996) An Intellectual History of Liberalism, Princeton: Princeton University Press.


• 
  Martinich, A. P. (2003) "Thomas Hobbes," The Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 281: British Rhetoricians and Logicians, 1500–1660, Second Series, Detroit: Gale, pp. 130-144.


• Martinich, A. P. (1995) A Hobbes Dictionary, Cambridge: Blackwell.


• Martinich, A. P. (1997) Thomas Hobbes, New York: St. Martin's Press.


• Martinich, A. P. (1992) The Two Gods of Leviathan: Thomas Hobbes on Religion and Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


• Martinich, A. P. (1999) Hobbes: A Biography, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


• 
  Narveson, Jan; Trenchard, David (2008). "Hobbes, Thomas (1588 –1679)". In Hamowy, Ronald (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE; Cato Institute. pp. 226–7. ISBN 978-1-4129-6580-4. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
  


• 
  Oakeshott, Michael (1975), "Hobbes on Civil Association", Oxford: Basil Blackwell.


• Pettit, Philip (2008). Made with Words. Hobbes on Language, Mind, and Politics, Princeton: Princeton University Press.


• Robinson, Dave & Groves, Judy (2003). Introducing Political Philosophy, Icon Books. ISBN 1-84046-450-X.


• Ross, George MacDonald (2009). Starting with Hobbes, London: Continuum.


• 
  Shapin, Steven and Shaffer, Simon (1995), Leviathan and the Air-Pump. Princeton: Princeton University Press.


• 
  Skinner, Quentin. (1996). Reason and Rhetoric in the Philosophy of Hobbes, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


• Skinner, Quentin (2002). Visions of Politics. Vol. III: Hobbes and Civil Science, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press


• Stomp, Gabriella (ed.) (2008). Thomas Hobbes, Aldershot: Ashgate.


• 
  Strauss, Leo (1936). The Political Philosophy of Hobbes; Its Basis and Its Genesis, Oxford: Clarendon Press.


• Strauss, Leo (1959). "On the Basis of Hobbes's Political Philosophy," in What Is Political Philosophy?, Glencoe, IL: Free Press, chap. 7.


• 
  Tönnies, Ferdinand (1925). Hobbes. Leben und Lehre, Stuttgart: Frommann, 3rd ed.


• Tuck, Richard (1993) Philosophy and Government, 1572–1651, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


• Vieira, Monica Brito. (2009) The Elements of Representation in Hobbes, Leiden: Brill Publishers.


• 
  Zagorin, Perez. (2009) Hobbes and the Law of Nature, Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.

See also

• Natural and legal rights#Thomas Hobbes


• Natural law#Hobbes


• Hobbesian trap


• Conatus#In Hobbes


• Joseph Butler

Notes

References

Sources

• 
   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  


• "Hinduism" to "Home, Earls of", available at Project Gutenberg.

External links

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వికీవ్యాఖ్యలో ఈ విషయానికి సంబంధించిన వ్యాఖ్యలు చూడండి.

థామస్ హాబ్స్

wikisource లో: థామస్ హాబ్స్ గురించి/చే రచింపబడిన మూల కృతులున్నాయి.

• 
  Works by Thomas Hobbes at Project Gutenberg
  


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• మూస:Librivox author


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  Hobbes Texts English translations by George Mac Donald Ross


• Contains Leviathan, lightly edited for easier reading


• 
  Thomas Hobbes, A minute or first Draught of the Optiques at Digitised Manuscripts


• Clarendon Edition of the Works of Thomas Hobbes


• Richard A. Talaska (ed.), The Hardwick Library and Hobbes's Early Intellectual Development
  


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  Hobbes studies Online edition


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  Bulletin Hobbes in the Journal Archives de Philosophie


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  Thomas Hobbes at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
  


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  Hobbes's Moral and Political Philosophy at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy


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  Hobbes: Methodology at the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
  


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  Hobbes: Moral and Political Philosophy at the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy


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  A Brief Life of Thomas Hobbes, 1588–1679 by John Aubrey


• A short biography of Thomas Hobbes


• 
  Hobbes at The Philosophy pages


• మూస:In Our Time


• 
  Thomas Hobbes nominated by Steven Pinker for the BBC Radio 4 programme Great Lives.