Regula lui Hückel Exemple | Vezi și | Referințe | Meniu de...
Chimie cuantică
chimia organicăcaracter aromaticteoria orbitalilor moleculariErich Hückelpolienic
Regula lui Hückel
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În chimia organică, cu ajutorul regulii lui Hückel se poate estima dacă o moleculă plană poate avea caracter aromatic. Prin mecanica cuantică, folosind teoria orbitalilor moleculari, Erich Hückel în 1931[1][2] arată că structurile de tip polienic ce conțin un număr de 4n + 2 electroni pi (n = 0, 1, 2) au energie de conjugare mare ceea ce le conferă stabilitate aromatică. Înaintea lui se pare că această regulă de 4n +2 este atribuită lui von Doering (1951).[3]
Exemple |
Cele mai cunoscute specii chimice care respectă regula lui Hückel și au astfel caracter aromatic sunt: anionul ciclopropenil, anionul ciclopentadienil (C
5H–
5)[4], benezenul (C6H6) și cationul tropiliu (C
7H+
7)[4].
Vezi și |
- Aromaticitate
- Hidrocarbură aromatică
Referințe |
^ Hückel, Erich (1931), „Quantentheoretische Beiträge zum Benzolproblem I. Die Elektronenkonfiguration des Benzols und verwandter Verbindungen”, Z. Phys., 70 (3/4): 204–86, doi:10.1007/BF01339530 .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}. Hückel, Erich (1931), „Quanstentheoretische Beiträge zum Benzolproblem II. Quantentheorie der induzierten Polaritäten”, Z. Phys., 72 (5/6): 310–37, doi:10.1007/BF01341953 . Hückel, Erich (1932), „Quantentheoretische Beiträge zum Problem der aromatischen und ungesättigten Verbindungen. III”, Z. Phys., 76 (9/10): 628–48, doi:10.1007/BF01341936 .
^ Hückel, E. (1938), Grundzüge der Theorie ungesättiger und aromatischer Verbindungen, Berlin: Verlag Chem, pp. 77–85 .
^ Doering, W. v. E. (septembrie 1951), Abstracts of the American Chemical Society Meeting, New York, p. 24M Lipsește sau este vid:|title=
(ajutor).
- ^ abLevine, I. N. (1991). Quantum chemistry (ed. 4th). Prentice-Hall. p. 559–560. ISBN 0-205-12770-3.
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