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Why doesn’t a normal window produce an apparent rainbow?

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2

1

$begingroup$

When light diffracts in a prism it creates a rainbow. My question is, why don’t all windows or transparent objects create this dispersion, i.e. why is the refractive index dependent on frequency in a dispersive prism, and not in a window? (My guess is that the refractive index doesn’t change as much, but I don’t really have an idea).

optics visible-light refraction geometric-optics dispersion

share|cite|improve this question

edited 8 hours ago

Qmechanic♦

109k122081281

asked 8 hours ago

MelvinMelvin

664

$endgroup$

• 
  
  
  

  
  1
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Glass windows and glass prisms are made of pretty much the same glass. The issue is the geometry.
  $endgroup$
  – jacob1729
  8 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Some thick windows used for large shop displays have beveled edges, and you can sometime see a spectrum off of those.
  $endgroup$
  – dmckee♦
  8 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

2

1

$begingroup$

When light diffracts in a prism it creates a rainbow. My question is, why don’t all windows or transparent objects create this dispersion, i.e. why is the refractive index dependent on frequency in a dispersive prism, and not in a window? (My guess is that the refractive index doesn’t change as much, but I don’t really have an idea).

optics visible-light refraction geometric-optics dispersion

share|cite|improve this question

edited 8 hours ago

Qmechanic♦

109k122081281

asked 8 hours ago

MelvinMelvin

664

$endgroup$

• 
  
  
  

  
  1
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Glass windows and glass prisms are made of pretty much the same glass. The issue is the geometry.
  $endgroup$
  – jacob1729
  8 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Some thick windows used for large shop displays have beveled edges, and you can sometime see a spectrum off of those.
  $endgroup$
  – dmckee♦
  8 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

$begingroup$

When light diffracts in a prism it creates a rainbow. My question is, why don’t all windows or transparent objects create this dispersion, i.e. why is the refractive index dependent on frequency in a dispersive prism, and not in a window? (My guess is that the refractive index doesn’t change as much, but I don’t really have an idea).

optics visible-light refraction geometric-optics dispersion

share|cite|improve this question

edited 8 hours ago

Qmechanic♦

109k122081281

asked 8 hours ago

MelvinMelvin

664

$endgroup$

share|cite|improve this question

edited 8 hours ago

Qmechanic♦

109k122081281

asked 8 hours ago

MelvinMelvin

664

share|cite|improve this question

edited 8 hours ago

Qmechanic♦

109k122081281

asked 8 hours ago

MelvinMelvin

664

edited 8 hours ago

Qmechanic♦

109k122081281

edited 8 hours ago

Qmechanic♦

109k122081281

asked 8 hours ago

MelvinMelvin

664

asked 8 hours ago

MelvinMelvin

664

2 Answers
2

active

oldest

votes

3

$begingroup$

It does create the rainbow, but it is almost impossible to notice.

When light direction is changed on the glass-air interface - there is always a dispersion : light with different wavelength will refract at different angle and thus create rainbow.

The issue is that when light hits second glass-air interface - incidence angle is opposite, and dispersion almost perfectly compensate, and this recombine light into white beam.

You can still notice rainbow if you take very thick glass (~50mm), and very narrow and perfectly collimated beam (<0.05mm).

In a prism, where incidence angles for first and second refractions are very different - this compensation is not working and one can see the rainbow much easier.

share|cite|improve this answer

answered 8 hours ago

BarsMonsterBarsMonster

51352364

$endgroup$

add a comment | 

1

$begingroup$

The glass panes in a window don't actually deflect light based on their refractive index (at least not to a reasonable approximation).

The image shows that if you shine a ray at a perfect rectangle, the light comes out parallel to the incident ray. Thus you don't get dispersion, because there is no deflection being caused.

Of course, windows don't have perfectly parallel sides, and if you extended them far enough they'd eventually meet. As such, a window looks like a prism with a very small apex angle $A$.

share|cite|improve this answer

answered 8 hours ago

jacob1729jacob1729

1,145517

$endgroup$

add a comment | 

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3

$begingroup$

It does create the rainbow, but it is almost impossible to notice.

When light direction is changed on the glass-air interface - there is always a dispersion : light with different wavelength will refract at different angle and thus create rainbow.

The issue is that when light hits second glass-air interface - incidence angle is opposite, and dispersion almost perfectly compensate, and this recombine light into white beam.

You can still notice rainbow if you take very thick glass (~50mm), and very narrow and perfectly collimated beam (<0.05mm).

In a prism, where incidence angles for first and second refractions are very different - this compensation is not working and one can see the rainbow much easier.

share|cite|improve this answer

answered 8 hours ago

BarsMonsterBarsMonster

51352364

$endgroup$

add a comment | 

3

$begingroup$

It does create the rainbow, but it is almost impossible to notice.

When light direction is changed on the glass-air interface - there is always a dispersion : light with different wavelength will refract at different angle and thus create rainbow.

The issue is that when light hits second glass-air interface - incidence angle is opposite, and dispersion almost perfectly compensate, and this recombine light into white beam.

You can still notice rainbow if you take very thick glass (~50mm), and very narrow and perfectly collimated beam (<0.05mm).

In a prism, where incidence angles for first and second refractions are very different - this compensation is not working and one can see the rainbow much easier.

share|cite|improve this answer

answered 8 hours ago

BarsMonsterBarsMonster

51352364

$endgroup$

add a comment | 

$begingroup$

It does create the rainbow, but it is almost impossible to notice.

When light direction is changed on the glass-air interface - there is always a dispersion : light with different wavelength will refract at different angle and thus create rainbow.

The issue is that when light hits second glass-air interface - incidence angle is opposite, and dispersion almost perfectly compensate, and this recombine light into white beam.

You can still notice rainbow if you take very thick glass (~50mm), and very narrow and perfectly collimated beam (<0.05mm).

In a prism, where incidence angles for first and second refractions are very different - this compensation is not working and one can see the rainbow much easier.

share|cite|improve this answer

answered 8 hours ago

BarsMonsterBarsMonster

51352364

$endgroup$

share|cite|improve this answer

answered 8 hours ago

BarsMonsterBarsMonster

51352364

answered 8 hours ago

BarsMonsterBarsMonster

51352364

answered 8 hours ago

BarsMonsterBarsMonster

51352364

1

$begingroup$

The glass panes in a window don't actually deflect light based on their refractive index (at least not to a reasonable approximation).

The image shows that if you shine a ray at a perfect rectangle, the light comes out parallel to the incident ray. Thus you don't get dispersion, because there is no deflection being caused.

Of course, windows don't have perfectly parallel sides, and if you extended them far enough they'd eventually meet. As such, a window looks like a prism with a very small apex angle $A$.

share|cite|improve this answer

answered 8 hours ago

jacob1729jacob1729

1,145517

$endgroup$

add a comment | 

1

$begingroup$

The glass panes in a window don't actually deflect light based on their refractive index (at least not to a reasonable approximation).

The image shows that if you shine a ray at a perfect rectangle, the light comes out parallel to the incident ray. Thus you don't get dispersion, because there is no deflection being caused.

Of course, windows don't have perfectly parallel sides, and if you extended them far enough they'd eventually meet. As such, a window looks like a prism with a very small apex angle $A$.

share|cite|improve this answer

answered 8 hours ago

jacob1729jacob1729

1,145517

$endgroup$

add a comment | 

$begingroup$

The glass panes in a window don't actually deflect light based on their refractive index (at least not to a reasonable approximation).

The image shows that if you shine a ray at a perfect rectangle, the light comes out parallel to the incident ray. Thus you don't get dispersion, because there is no deflection being caused.

Of course, windows don't have perfectly parallel sides, and if you extended them far enough they'd eventually meet. As such, a window looks like a prism with a very small apex angle $A$.

share|cite|improve this answer

answered 8 hours ago

jacob1729jacob1729

1,145517

$endgroup$

share|cite|improve this answer

answered 8 hours ago

jacob1729jacob1729

1,145517

answered 8 hours ago

jacob1729jacob1729

1,145517

answered 8 hours ago

jacob1729jacob1729

1,145517