Mdthbs

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.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty{ margin-bottom:0;
}

0

Starting from:

$ cat bib/10.2307_2983885.txt

@article{10.2307/2983885,

 ISSN = {00359246},

 URL = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2983885},

 abstract = {The essence of many statistical problems, including most standard techniques, is to test whether or not the unknown parameters of an appropriate statistical model satisfy certain restrictions; and the outcome of such a test dictates whether it is necessary to provide estimates of these parameters which also satisfy the restrictions. In this paper we discuss and illustrate the relative merits, as practical tools for the consulting statistician, of two large-sample techniques of wide applicability to such situations: (i) unrestricted maximum-likelihood estimation with its associated Wald test, (ii) restricted maximum-likelihood estimation with its associated Lagrange-multiplier test. The discussion falls into two main sections corresponding to two methods of specifying restrictions, as constraint equations in the parameters, or as freedom equations expressing the parameters in terms of a second smaller set of parameters. The methods are modified by a simple device to apply to the case where constraints on the parameters are necessary to allow their identification.},

 author = {J. Aitchison and S. D. Silvey},

 journal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological)},

 number = {1},

 pages = {154--171},

 publisher = {[Royal Statistical Society, Wiley]},

 title = {Maximum-Likelihood Estimation Procedures and Associated Tests of Significance},

 volume = {22},

 year = {1960}

}

Notice there is an empty line after the last }. I now try to recombine different parts:

$ printf "%bn" "$(cat bib/10.2307_2983885.txt  | head -n1)" "$(cat bib/10.2307_2983885.txt | head -n -2 | tail -n +2)" "$(cat bib/10.2307_2983885.txt | tail -n -2)"

The output I get drops the last empty line. Why is that?

newlines printf

share|improve this question

asked 42 mins ago

ErwannErwann

7111 silver badge99 bronze badges

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  Where has the trailing newline char gone from my command substitution?
  
  – Mark Plotnick
  32 mins ago
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

0

Starting from:

$ cat bib/10.2307_2983885.txt

@article{10.2307/2983885,

 ISSN = {00359246},

 URL = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2983885},

 abstract = {The essence of many statistical problems, including most standard techniques, is to test whether or not the unknown parameters of an appropriate statistical model satisfy certain restrictions; and the outcome of such a test dictates whether it is necessary to provide estimates of these parameters which also satisfy the restrictions. In this paper we discuss and illustrate the relative merits, as practical tools for the consulting statistician, of two large-sample techniques of wide applicability to such situations: (i) unrestricted maximum-likelihood estimation with its associated Wald test, (ii) restricted maximum-likelihood estimation with its associated Lagrange-multiplier test. The discussion falls into two main sections corresponding to two methods of specifying restrictions, as constraint equations in the parameters, or as freedom equations expressing the parameters in terms of a second smaller set of parameters. The methods are modified by a simple device to apply to the case where constraints on the parameters are necessary to allow their identification.},

 author = {J. Aitchison and S. D. Silvey},

 journal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological)},

 number = {1},

 pages = {154--171},

 publisher = {[Royal Statistical Society, Wiley]},

 title = {Maximum-Likelihood Estimation Procedures and Associated Tests of Significance},

 volume = {22},

 year = {1960}

}

Notice there is an empty line after the last }. I now try to recombine different parts:

$ printf "%bn" "$(cat bib/10.2307_2983885.txt  | head -n1)" "$(cat bib/10.2307_2983885.txt | head -n -2 | tail -n +2)" "$(cat bib/10.2307_2983885.txt | tail -n -2)"

The output I get drops the last empty line. Why is that?

newlines printf

share|improve this question

asked 42 mins ago

ErwannErwann

7111 silver badge99 bronze badges

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  Where has the trailing newline char gone from my command substitution?
  
  – Mark Plotnick
  32 mins ago
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

Starting from:

$ cat bib/10.2307_2983885.txt

@article{10.2307/2983885,

 ISSN = {00359246},

 URL = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2983885},

 abstract = {The essence of many statistical problems, including most standard techniques, is to test whether or not the unknown parameters of an appropriate statistical model satisfy certain restrictions; and the outcome of such a test dictates whether it is necessary to provide estimates of these parameters which also satisfy the restrictions. In this paper we discuss and illustrate the relative merits, as practical tools for the consulting statistician, of two large-sample techniques of wide applicability to such situations: (i) unrestricted maximum-likelihood estimation with its associated Wald test, (ii) restricted maximum-likelihood estimation with its associated Lagrange-multiplier test. The discussion falls into two main sections corresponding to two methods of specifying restrictions, as constraint equations in the parameters, or as freedom equations expressing the parameters in terms of a second smaller set of parameters. The methods are modified by a simple device to apply to the case where constraints on the parameters are necessary to allow their identification.},

 author = {J. Aitchison and S. D. Silvey},

 journal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological)},

 number = {1},

 pages = {154--171},

 publisher = {[Royal Statistical Society, Wiley]},

 title = {Maximum-Likelihood Estimation Procedures and Associated Tests of Significance},

 volume = {22},

 year = {1960}

}

Notice there is an empty line after the last }. I now try to recombine different parts:

$ printf "%bn" "$(cat bib/10.2307_2983885.txt  | head -n1)" "$(cat bib/10.2307_2983885.txt | head -n -2 | tail -n +2)" "$(cat bib/10.2307_2983885.txt | tail -n -2)"

The output I get drops the last empty line. Why is that?

newlines printf

share|improve this question

asked 42 mins ago

ErwannErwann

7111 silver badge99 bronze badges

$ cat bib/10.2307_2983885.txt

@article{10.2307/2983885,

 ISSN = {00359246},

 URL = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2983885},

 abstract = {The essence of many statistical problems, including most standard techniques, is to test whether or not the unknown parameters of an appropriate statistical model satisfy certain restrictions; and the outcome of such a test dictates whether it is necessary to provide estimates of these parameters which also satisfy the restrictions. In this paper we discuss and illustrate the relative merits, as practical tools for the consulting statistician, of two large-sample techniques of wide applicability to such situations: (i) unrestricted maximum-likelihood estimation with its associated Wald test, (ii) restricted maximum-likelihood estimation with its associated Lagrange-multiplier test. The discussion falls into two main sections corresponding to two methods of specifying restrictions, as constraint equations in the parameters, or as freedom equations expressing the parameters in terms of a second smaller set of parameters. The methods are modified by a simple device to apply to the case where constraints on the parameters are necessary to allow their identification.},

 author = {J. Aitchison and S. D. Silvey},

 journal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological)},

 number = {1},

 pages = {154--171},

 publisher = {[Royal Statistical Society, Wiley]},

 title = {Maximum-Likelihood Estimation Procedures and Associated Tests of Significance},

 volume = {22},

 year = {1960}

}

$ printf "%bn" "$(cat bib/10.2307_2983885.txt  | head -n1)" "$(cat bib/10.2307_2983885.txt | head -n -2 | tail -n +2)" "$(cat bib/10.2307_2983885.txt | tail -n -2)"

share|improve this question

asked 42 mins ago

ErwannErwann

7111 silver badge99 bronze badges

share|improve this question

asked 42 mins ago

ErwannErwann

7111 silver badge99 bronze badges

asked 42 mins ago

ErwannErwann

7111 silver badge99 bronze badges

asked 42 mins ago

ErwannErwann

7111 silver badge99 bronze badges